Mothers Who Abuse essays

Mothers Who Abuse essays Mothers can abuse children in many ways. The main form of abuse most people think of is physical. Some other important forms are related to alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine use. There are many effects resulting from the use of alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine during pregnancy. One form of abuse a fetus can experience is the use of alcohol by the mother. A direct result from alcohol use by some mothers is fetal alcohol syndrome. Fetal alcohol syndrome is a serious health problem that tragically affects its victims and their families, but that is completely preventable. Causing a child to suffer from fetal alcohol syndrome is really nothing short of child abuse and it lasts for life. Babies born with fetal alcohol syndrome tend to weigh less and be shorter than normal. They usually suffer from smaller heads, deformed facial features, abnormal joints and limbs, poor coordination, problems with learning, and short memories. Victims of fetal alcohol syndrome often experience mental health problems, a disrupted school experience, inappropriate sexual behavior, trouble with the law, alcohol and drug problems, difficulty caring for themselves and their children, and homelessness. Another form of abuse a fetus can experience is the use of tobacco by the mother. Smoking during pregnancy can cause different problems than alcohol. The main problem with tobacco use during pregnancy is the dirtiness of tobacco. It contains about four thousand different chemicals, including heavy metals, tars, gases, and even radioactive materials. Two of the best known chemicals in cigarette smoke are nicotine and carbon monoxide. Both reduce oxygen flow to the fetus, while nicotine speeds up heartbeat and increases blood pressure in the fetus. There are many risks of smoking during pregnancy. One risk is delayed growth. The more a woman smokes, the less her baby grows. Twice as many babies weighing less than five pounds are born to smokers...

PrepScholar Works Well for Top Scorers

PrepScholar Works Well for Top Scorers SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wondering how to get the last few points that could get you into your dream school? PrepScholar has innovative and exclusive features that can be your best friends come test day. We Tailor Content to You Nothing is more frustrating for students than going through the motions of â€Å"learning† something they alreadyknow. The big classroom SAT and ACT prep courses, however, lump 100% of students into whatever groups sign up for that time and place, and â€Å"teach† them 100% of the same material in every single class. This is a recipe for disaster (and boredom!) for top scorers who don’t need to spend time learning the formula for the area of a triangle. So PrepScholar tests you at the start of the course. Then, based on your performance on questions that test each individual skill, we give you a lesson at the correct level for your scoreif you answer almost every question correctly, you’re going to get all Advanced Lessons and Advanced or higher level questions. Obviously if you have no trouble with easier questions, you don’t need to practice them, and we understand that. We Give You Strategies That Can Make the Difference Top-quality test content and skill analysis is only part of the package, however. Some of PrepScholar’s most innovative lessons are Strategy Lessons, each of which focuses on a specific aspect of understanding and mastering the SAT and ACT. These are also split up into multiple skill levels, the highest of which includes the lessons â€Å"Advanced: Writing the Essay† and â€Å"Getting a Top Score.† The bottom line is that jumping from 2000 to 2300 is different than jumping from 1200 to 1500, and we give you the tools to make the jump you need. Lower scoring students need to skip certain difficult questions, for example, and Top Scorers need to learn how to get those questionsby multiple methods. This is what our strategy lessons are designed to do. Specifically, we show you how to reduce careless mistakes, how to allocate your time precisely so you can answer every question with certainty, and how to approach the toughest questions in multiple ways. We Are 2400 Scorers As a cohort of perfect and 99th percentile scorers, we intimately understand the problems at the top. We have vast experience with all types of SAT and ACT prep, including traditional classroom prep, and have worked hard to avoid their mistakes. We’ve watched top scorers in classrooms get bored and miss the information that could actually help them; we know what it’s like to be one of those students. We also know the frustrations of irrelevant or unnecessary work, and eliminate it from your personalized course. Finally, our hardest questions are designed by SAT and ACT experts and easily match the difficulty of the hardest SAT and ACT questions, and we’re available to explain them if the explanations aren’t sufficient. And for the biggest boost to your score, consider PrepScholar Tutoring, the ultimate personalized companion to your SAT and ACT mastery. If you found this article interesting or helpful, please consider signing up to hear from us at right. Your information will never be shared or sold.

Major Causes Of Air Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Major Causes Of Air Pollution - Essay Example Urbanization also results in unhealthy waste disposal methods. This not only pollutes the air but also creates conditions for the spread of endemic diseases. Heavy industries are another contributor to air pollution. In the last two centuries, ever since the event of the Industrial Revolution, societies move away from being agrarian and embraced industrialization. Though there were advantages in terms of scale, speed and efficiency of production, the impact on the environment was overwhelmingly negative. Toxic sludge released by many industrial plants contaminates our rivers and plains, posing huge health risks. Likewise, the exhaust pipes of these plants release numerous toxic gases into the atmosphere, leading to air contamination. Environmental regulators are not able to check this form of air pollution. Hence, in conclusion, the problem of air pollution we are facing today is one of our own makings. As a society, we need to wake ourselves from complacency and address the issue with utmost expediency. Already, the effects of global warming are starting to change the natural climatic cycles in many parts of the world. The El Nino effect is one such example. We also need to abandon the culture of conspicuous consumption. Instead of aspiring to own luxury cars and SUVs, a greater reliance on public transportation and car-pooling must be adopted. As a society, we need to change our mindset toward embracing austerity. This again compounds the accumulation of greenhouse gas and further augments global temperature.

A Double Diamond Comparison of the Automotive Industry of China, Essay

A Double Diamond Comparison of the Automotive Industry of China, India, and South Korea - Essay Example The prime merit of executing the model of Double Diamond is that the model forces different government leaders as well as businesses to think about management strategies and public policies in a different ways. The model has been viewed to depict certain valuable factors or attributes through which competitive advantages can be generated by a considerable level. It has been apparently observed in this similar circumstance that various industries have applied this particular model in order to enhance as well as raise their competitiveness by focusing upon the different attributes of the model. According to Porter, the four broad attributes of the model determines the competence level at large. A detailed explanation of these attributes has been provided hereunder: Related and supporting industries refer to one of the most pervasive findings of Porter’s model. The findings state that when there lays large industry presence in an area then it will certainly increase market competition and higher risk of losing employment Firm strategy, structure and rivalry refer to the business market competition that eventually makes the organisations to develop their different products and attain superior competitive position over their chief market contenders (Tallman, 2010) In order to explain the differences between the Double Diamond Model and Porter’s Diamond Model, it has been apparently observed that the newly revised model of Porter i.e. Double Diamond Model emphasises upon certain important aspects through which superior competitiveness can be attained. The aspects comprise technological innovation, domestic competition and general infrastructure among others. It has been viewed in this particular context that the newly revised Double Diamond Model elaborately discusses various significant factors that can raise competitiveness by a greater extent as compared to Porter’s Diamond Model. The

Animal Testing Is Cruelty and It Is Abusive Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing Is Cruelty and It Is Abusive Essay Is animal testing cruelty or science? This is the question that many people ask to themselves, and is one of the many controversial topics in today’s society. In my point of view animal testing is cruelty because animals can’t talk for themselves so they get kill and hurt, and we also violated their right by doing this. Anjo a member of the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) said â€Å"Animals feel pain; they have a right to decent life† (Nancy Day 2000, pg. 12). It is difficult to determine how many animals are used for research, but experts agree the number is declining. Research use animal for experiments because animals’ bodies often react in ways that are similar to the ways in which human bodies react. Animal research proponents say that almost every major medical discovery in the last hundred years has involved experiments on animals. â€Å"Jonathan Balcombre of the Humance Society of the United States estimates that between 15 to 20 million vertebrate animals are currently used each year in the United State and between 60 and 80 million are used worldwide† (Nancy Day 2000, pg.13). According to Chris DeRose, founder and president of Last Chance for Animals said, â€Å"I’d give my own life to cure cancer. I don’t, morally and ethically, however, have the right to kill a single rat; I don’t care what preposterous justification they try to use?†(Nancy Day 2000, pg.14). Many animal activists are opposed to animal experimentation on moral ground because by getting animal for experimentation we are violating their right. Animal research proponents say the morality is in saving human lives. They point to the millions of people whose lives have been saved or improved through research on animal. Between these two positions, influenced by tides of public opinions, government regulation, cultural differences, and ethical considerations. Most people agree that some guidelines or regulations should control animal experimentation. Peggy Carlson, a physician in the Washington D.C. area and a research scientist for the Humane Society in the United S tate, â€Å"As an emergency room physician I often see the suffering of patients ill and dying from diseases that could have been avoided if more resources were devoted to prevention, if healthier dietary guidelines were advocated, and if more research applicable to humans was conducted. I also know that behind this human suffering is another level of suffering, more hidden from view: the suffering of animals used in costly and needless experiments that benefit no one†( Vaughan Monamy 2009, pg.29 ). Peggy Carlson concluded that the practice of using animals for experimentation to mimic or to study human diseases is often unreliable and occasionally misleads scientific investigation. Not only that but million and billions of dollars are wasted in animal experimentation. Animals are used in experiments for three general purposes: to find out how biological systems function or what factors affect behavior; to educate and train students in medicine and science; and to test drugs, chemicals, or products to determine their safety and effectiveness. Neal Barnard said, â€Å"Animal tests have caused a very substantial loss, in terms of loss of money, in terms of the loss of good minds being devoted to a very, very limited methodology, and in terms of indicating that c ertain things are true which weren’t true†( Chris Hayhurst 2000, pg. 27). One alternative to using animals for medical experimentation is to use human beings instead. If this seems shocking, keep in mind that human experimentation is already a very large and important part of medical research today. Many scientist claims that people are living longer because of animal experimentation, but studies have shown this to be false. â€Å"Researcher in Boston and Harvard University’s found that medical measures (drug and vaccines) accounted for at most between 1 and 3.5 percent of the total decline in mortality in the United State since 1900. The researchers noted that the increase in life expectancy is primarily due to the decline in killer epidemics, such as tuberculosis, scarlet fever, smallpox, and diphtheria. The facts about these infectious diseases are that they were declining before and in most cases long before specific therapies became available. The decline of these diseases was most likely due to such factor as improvement in sanitation, hygiene, diet and standard of living† (Vaughan Monamy 2009, pg. 50). However, medical research has played an important role in improving people’s lives without animal experimentation. â€Å"The list of advances made without the use of animal is extensive and includes the isolation of AIDS virus, the discovery of penicillin and anesthetics, the identification of human blood types, the need for certain vitamins and the development of X-rays. The identification of risk factors for heart disease and probably one of the most important, the discovery for decreasing death from heart attacks was made through human population studies† (Nancy Day 2000, pg.58). As we see in the previous paragraph many medical solution were found without conducting animal experimentation. I also found that this discovery were more accurate and less expensive compare to animal experimentation. One of the major problems with animal experiments is that the results frequently do not apply to humans. Irwin Bross, Ph.D., former director of biostatistics at the Roswell Institute for Cancer Research testified before congress in 1981 that â€Å"while conflicting animal results have often delayed and hampered advances in the war on cancer, they have never produced a single substantial advance either in the prevention or treatment of human cancer.† ( Nancy Day 2000, pg.45) Animal tests that attempt to predict which substances cause human cancer have also been shown to be unreliable. If studies have shown that the experimentation on animal has shown to be unreliable why does scientist keep wasting their time killing innocent animal. Instead they should try to find difference source that could help find a solution to cancer. When I was researching, I found that neurological diseases are another major cause of death and disabilities in the United States. Again, animal experimentation in this area has not correlated well with human diseases. In 1990 an editorial in the Journal Stroke noted that 25 compounds that have being proven effective for treating stroke in animal models over the last 10 year have not proven to be effective for the use in human’s strokes. Stephen Kaufman, M.D., reviewed animals model of such degenerative neurological disease as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s and conclude that â€Å"animal models designed to improve our understanding and treatment of these condition have had little impact and their future value is highly dubious†(Chris Hayhurst 2000, pg. 20). According to the International League of the Right of animals; â€Å"all animals are born with an equal claim on life, are entitled to respectful treatment, and have the right to live freely in their natural environment.† Some people refused to accept that animals have rights because animals cannot reason, write, speak, or crea te art, just because of these their life deserve less consideration than human lives† (Nancy Day 2000, pg.72). However, according to Tom L. Beauchamp, â€Å"research indicates that many animals exhibit the same types of mental capabilities as humans† (Nancy Day 2000, pg.74).Chimpanzee provide excellent example of animal intelligence. The fact that chimpanzee can use tools, recognize and decode symbols, and perform tasks on command proves that the distinction between people and animals is dubious at the best. â€Å"It is clear that animals are intelligent beings, but it is not necessary that they have intelligence in order to be worthy of rights. If a creature’s moral significance depends in the intelligence, then people with little potential for intelligence – brain damaged humans, the mentally retarded, or the comatose would not be worthy of the same consideration as fully functional humans† †(Chris Hayhurst 2000, pg. 81). All human and nonhuman life, regardless of its intelligence, is unified by one important quality: animal, like humans, possess the capaci ty to suffer. Despite whether animal have intellectual abilities, it is impossible to argue that animal do not feel pain; an animal in pain screams and writhes just as a human does. Ingrid Newkirk, the founder of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), describes this essential similarity: When it comes to having a nervous system and the ability to feel pain, hunger, and thirst a rat is a pig is a dog is a boy(Nancy Day 2000, pg. 100). One of the major problems with animal experiments is that the results frequently do not apply to humans. Irwin Bross, Ph.D., former director of biostatistics at the Roswell Institute for Cancer Research testified before congress in 1981 that â€Å"while conflicting animal results have often delayed and hampered advances in the war on cancer, they have never produced a single substantial advance either in the prevention or treatment of human cancer† (Nancy Day 2000, pg.113). Animal tests that attempt to predict which substances cause human cancer have also been shown to be unreliable. If studies have shown that the experimentation on animal has shown to be unreliable why does scientist keep wasting their time killing innocent animal. Instead they should try to find difference source that could help find a solution to cancer. When I was researching, I found that neurological diseases are another major cause of death and disabilities in the United States. Again, animal experimentation in this area has not correlated well with human diseases. In 1990 an editorial in the Journal Stroke noted that 25 compounds that have being proven effective for treating stroke in animal models over the last 10 year have not proven to be effective for the use in human’s strokes. Stephen Kaufman, M.D., reviewed animals model of such degenerative neurological disease as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s and conclude that â€Å"animal models designed to improve our understanding and treatment of these condition have had little impact and their future value is highly dubious†(Vaughan Monamy 2009, pg.112). Two other areas where animal experimentation has been both consumptive of health care dollars and unproductive are psychology and addiction. Using animals to test therapeutic drugs has also proven unreliable. Penicillin kills guinea pigs and hamsters, but it is very beneficial for humans. Thalidomide, a tranquilizer formerly prescribed for pregnant women with morning sickness, caused serious birth defects in more than 10,000 children, but does not cause birth defects in numerous species of nonhuman animals. The significance of pain should not be judged by the value of the sufferer—a friend, an annoying classmate, or an animal. If morality requires us to refrain from inflicting pain upon other people, then it should require us to refrain from inflicting pain upon animal as well, and, according to Richard Ryder, consultant with the Political Animal Lobby. We can treat different species differently, but always we should treat equal suffering equally. In the case of nonhumans, we see them mercilessly exploited in factory farms, in labratories, and in the wild. These are major abuses causing great suffering, yet they are still justified on the ground that these creatures are not of the same species as ourselves. The main difference between animals and humans is the ability to make ethical judgments. Animals cannot distinguish between right and wrong; humans can. Some opponents of animal rights maintain that since animals do not have the ability to make moral decisions, they do not deserve moral consideration. Actually, the reverse of this argument is true: â€Å"The human capacity to act morally obligates us to prevent animal suffering. It does not give us license to cause it† (Vaughan Monamy 2009, pg.88).

Essay --

The myth of the Ring of Gyges has transcended hundred of years, thusly making it a ‘tale as old as time’. Modern adaptations of this myth include JRR Tolkien’s, â€Å"Lord of the Ring† series as an example. Through this legend and others, like the myth of metals, Plato is able to demonstrate what one ought to do if one is set owner of the infamous Ring of Gyges, ergo the argumentation of why one ought to act justly. If I had a magic ring such as the Ring of Gyges I would be inclined to act mischievously, but would wind up acting as though I did not have the ring. To fully understand my position, if I had a magic ring, can only be fully comprehended once the purpose of the ring, pertaining to morality is understood. I feel as though the Socrates of The Apology and of The Republic would answer in a consistent way. Namely, that regardless of possession of the ring or not, one should act justly. â€Å"Why act just†, is a theme through out the philosophical works of Plato, in The Republic, Plato aims to address the issue of how justice becomes a virtue in society. Please note that The Republic, in addition to The Apology are works of Plato, but the main character is Socrates, Plato’s teacher. Therefore, when referring to the two works, Plato and or Socrates can be named in reference. Furthermore, after addressing how one acts just, Plato is to ask why one ought to act just. He uses the myth of the Ring of Gyges to help explain this phenomenon of human behavior. Why having a discussion with his two brothers, Glaucon and Adeimantus, the myth of the Ring of Gyges is first brought up in conversation. Specifically found at the Stephanus pagination of 2.359a–2.360d, Glaucon, brother of Plato, first tells the legend in book II of The Republic. The ... ...sense of arà ªte, as described before. As a result, while seemingly tempting to act unjustly, if one is to live an examined life they will see that one will be the happiest and have the most eudemonia, or Greek word for happy and or balanced, if they act justly. This is regardless of whether or not set individual is wearing the Ring of Gyges. To reiterate, if I was in possession of the Ring of Gyges, while it would be tempted to act unjustly, I would ultimately act justly. By acting justly it promotes the idea of one’s soul (ration, spirit and desire) being in harmony. Set idea is illustrated by the metaphor of a city and the myth of the metals. This idea demonstrates the notion of â€Å" justice is not what one sees but one feels† as stated by Plato. After consideration of Socrates in both The Republic and The Apology I think he would ultimately answer in a similar way.

A Semiparametric Analysis of the Relationship of Body Mass Index to Mortality Essay

Gronniger, J. T. (2006). A Semiparametric Analysis of the Relationship of Body Mass Index to Mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 96(1), 173–178 This article review is on the above cited work. The purpose of Gronniger’s work was to check the adequacy of conventional Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for planning public health programs to reduce mortality. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of an adult’s weight in relation to height, and it is calculated metrically as weight divided by height squared (kg/m2)† (Foster). This work is timely and important because of the wide publicity given to the contribution of surplus body weight to mortality and morbidity, with numerous accounts showing that obesity causes hundreds of thousands of excess deaths and billions of dollars in excess medical spending each year. Obesity has been put on par with smoking as a growing health threat and has become the focal point of many policy initiatives. The studies cited by Gronniger on the subject showed that individuals with BMIs of 20 to 25 kg/m2 were regarded as the reference population and compared their health outcomes with those among overweight (BMIs of 25 to 30 kg/m2) and obese (BMIs of 30 kg/m2 and above) individuals. While Gronniger agrees that obesity is associated with clear increases in risk of mortality, and that overweight is a risk factor for obesity and thus should best be avoided, he states that â€Å"relying on broad categories such as overweight and obesity could provide misleading estimates of BMI’s association with mortality if that association is heterogeneous or not monotonic within categories†. He further stated that the definition of these categories â€Å"grew out of a consensus among various health bodies (including the World Health Organization, the National Institutes of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) that health risks increase with increasing body weight above a BMI of 25 and become serious near a BMI of 30†. This he showed in his study. Summary For the study, the author used the 1987 Cancer Control and 1989 Diabetes supplements of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to obtain baseline personal and biometric information on the survey respondents which were linked to the NHIS Multiple Cause of Death File, where mortality follow-up information was obtained. Information from this source was available for a total of 33,558 individuals, of whom 1,109 were dead or presumed dead. He then constructed nonlinear estimates of the association between BMI and mortality using a semiparametric regression technique. The results showed that the mortality risk among â€Å"normal† weight men (i. . , those in the BMI range of 20 to 25 kg/m2) was as high as that among men in the mild obesity category (BMIs of 30–35 kg/m2), with a minimum risk observed at a BMI of approximately 26 kg/m2. Among women, the mortality risk was smallest at approximately 23 to 24 kg/m2, with the risk increasing steadily with BMIs above 27 kg/m2. The results also suggested negligible risk differences with minor differences in weight for much of the population. This is contrary to predictions of high mortality risks among overweight individuals as the â€Å"optimum† BMI appeared to be 26 to 27 overall, 23 to 24 for women, and 26 to 27 for men. Interestingly, mortality did not increase sharply with BMI until the range of about 27 or above (33–35 for men), which is well into the range of overweight and obesity. The semiparametric mortality estimates also showed that in US adults the mortality among clinically underweight individuals is quite high, although estimates near the tails of the BMI distribution are imprecise as a result of small local sample sizes. Critique The semiparametric approach used here provides a clearer picture of individual mortality risks because restrictive categories were eliminated and the data were allowed to shape the functional form. Therefore the present results can better be used to consider broad trends over at least several BMI units and to contrast such trends with findings derived from categorical studies. Also the author in his work used information from a valid source from which a complete smoking data was not available. The respondents were only group as â€Å"current† or â€Å"not current† smokers. This would affect the result considering the effect of smoking habits on mortality. Another limitation in this study was the arbitrary character of the intercept estimates derived using the semiparametric approach which would result in complication in interpretation. This however does not cause bias in the results. The present study was also unable to solve the heterogeneity problem, as the BMI can be tied to manifold variables that influence mortality. Many of these omitted risk factors might be correlated with BMI, leading to misestimation and gross error in the calculation of the risk of increasing BMI itself. Therefore one can not actually identify the mortality-minimizing or â€Å"optimal† BMI from this study. Furthermore, this study involves single-point-in-time measures of BMI. Therefore there is no guarantee that losing weight will bring the mortality of a severely obese person’s to the optimal level. Therefore the optimal BMI is only based on the current weight. Finally because of the absence of standard errors, the semiparametric estimates presented here cannot be used in hypothesis testing. Thus the expected mortality at a BMI of 29. 99 cannot be statistically compared with the expected mortality at a BMI of 30. 01. Recommendations To give a more comprehensive result, the actual smoking habits of the sample group must be obtained and considered in the study because of its effect on mortality. Also there is little information about the underweight group in the study. Therefore a more thorough consideration of this group would be appropriate. Conclusion Notwithstanding the limitations in the study, it is a valid research as the results raise questions about whether overweight and mildly obese individuals are classified correctly under current health guidelines. Health professionals are therefore to consider the large number of people involved in the modest mortality differences between BMI units in drafting health guidelines and planning public health programs.

Economic theory of mercantilism Essay

Mercantilism was popular and it was the prevailing economic philosophy in the Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, and France from the 16th to the 18th century (Gabay, et al. 2007). Gabay, ET al. asserts that according to the theory of mercantilism, for a nation to become rich and powerful, it needs to export more and import less. This basically meant that a nation on its conquest to grow richer, it had to achieve that at the expense of other nations. The difference would be an inflow of precious metals mostly gold. The more gold a nation had the richer and powerful it was. Due to this idea, mercantilists pushed for the government to restrict import and stimulate export and the fact that not all nations could do this, the mercantilists acquired precious bullion or precious metals at the expense of weaker nations (Gabay, et al. 2007). According to Ingrid Hahne Rima (2009) the larger issue of the role of trade in raising living standards of the English was not the concern of the mercantilists. For them the purpose of trade is to enrich the king and strengthen the nation politically. Rima asserts that their â€Å"fear of goods† was rooted in the premise that the quest for gold, like the quest for territory, is a zero-sum game; that is, more for England is at the expense of Spain, Italy, and Holland, and vice versa. According to Ingrid Rima (2009), most mercantilists suspected a direct relationship between the quantity of money and the level of prices. The earliest theoretical analysis of the relationship between the quantity of money and inflationary price increases was made by the sixteenth century French political philosopher Jean Bodin. He attributed the marked price rise experienced by Western Europe in his time primarily to the inflow of monetary metals from South America. Rima states that Bodin also observed that monopolies, through their policies of restricting output, and large demands by consumers of luxury commodities contributed to price increases. According to Rima, since few mercantilists favored inflation, their recommendations for a continuous accumulation of monetary metals via a favorable balance of trade appears contradictory. The mercantilists typically thought that increases in the amount of money â€Å"quicken trade† instead of producing an inflation of prices. Their advocacy of a favorable balance of trade, with its associated inflow of specie, was thereby rescued from a seeming contradiction of objectives. According to Rima, this line of reasoning reflects awareness that a growing volume of money and credit is essential to continued expansion of the physical volume of trade. Mercantilist reasoned that an inflow of hard money would keep interest rates low, while the downward pressure on prices resulting from an inadequate supply of money would serve to dampen further expansion of economic activity. Mercantilists seemed to sense the necessity of avoiding downward pressure on prices if commercial activity was to be expanded (Ingrid Hahne Rima, 2009). According to Walter LaFeber (1998) the mercantilist solicitude for production did not arise originally from a fear of overproduction, underemployment, or overpopulation. The desire for a favorable balance of trade which would result in an inflow of bullion caused the seventeenth-century thinkers to want increased production. Preoccupation with the wealth and growth of the state and the acquisition of treasure played a vital role by setting the stage for a number of corollary doctrines and policies intended to foster the achievement of these goals (Ingrid Hahne Rima, 2009). Rima states that the theory of production is of major importance, for the creation of the largest possible export surplus requires maximum utilization of the factors of production. Rima asserts that mercantilists distinguished between productive and unproductive labor in terms of its contribution to the national opulence. Manufacturers and farmers were regarded as productive, though the warmest praise was, understandably, reserved for merchants. It was also urged that the government hold the number of unproductive people to a minimum in order to direct their labor to some more useful occupation. According to Rima, mercantilist ideas on production are part of their legacy from the Scholastics of the medieval period, who regarded wealth as evidence of God’s bounty and production as the exploitation of this bounty by labor. According to Rima, another aspect of mercantilist emphasis on the importance of labor in production is the encouragement of population growth, not for the sake of mere numbers, but to increase the size of the working force. It was generally accepted that a large population, by keeping wages close to subsistence levels, would not only reduce the cost of producing goods but would also discourage the idleness that might become associated with higher wage levels. One of the most interesting bits of mercantilist reasoning incorporating views on both labor and balance of payments, according to Rima, was that when goods were exported, foreigners, in effect, pay the wages of the workers employed in making them, whereas imports involve like payments to foreigners. The obvious duty of government would therefore be to minimize foreign imports in order to achieve a favorable balance of foreign-paid income. Rima asserts that bullion is the most desirable import because it is wealth, and also has little labor incorporated in it s compared with the manufactured exports. During the era of mercantilism, economic behavior began to manifest itself through commercial activities. This is according to Ingrid Rima (2007). Rima states that mercantilist thinkers emphasized the importance of commerce and industry and the role of state in promoting economic development and national wealth (Ingrid Hahne Rima, 2009). References Gabay, Et Al (2007): Economics: It’s Concepts & Principles (w/ Agrarian Reform & Taxation) 2007: Rex Bookstore, Inc. Ingrid Hahne Rima (2009): Development of Economic Analysis 7e: Taylor & Francis Walter LaFeber (1998): The new empire: an interpretation of American expansion, 1860-1898 Cornell paperbacks: Cornell University Press

CE101 Essay Example

CE101 Essay Example CE101 Paper CE101 Paper What is NAEYC? National Association for the Education of Young Children (professional organization with standards for the ECE profession) What are child-initiated activities? activities that are chosen and directed by children. What are teacher-directed activities? activities that are planned, selected, and directed by the teacher. What are developmental domains? the major areas of human development: physical cognitive socio-emotional What are inclusive classrooms? classrooms that meaningfully integrate all children, including those with disabilities. What is the IDEA? Individuals with disabilities act; a 1975 law that ensures access to equal learning environments for all children with disabilities. What is NCLB? The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001; a law that seeks to improve the quality of education and improve outcomes for all students.

Writing an Aviation Term Paper That Deserves the Highest Grade

Writing an Aviation Term Paper That Deserves the Highest Grade When one thinks of aviation, the first thing that often comes to their mind is seeing and perhaps using an airplane. Not many consider the efforts and the amount of learning that goes into making the aircraft safe enough for people to take them from one destination to another. Consider the engineers who have to study for long hours and practice as much as possible to not only design but also build the aircraft, to be involved in the production of different materials, details that go into the plane, and the pilots who go through training for many years to ensure they can operate such large machines. Each of these individuals has prepared a term paper at some point in their academic life. If you are involved in the field of aviation or are considering or want to be a part of this sector, you will inevitably find yourself having to write such a paper too. Writing a high-quality aviation term paper is dependent on how well you understand the basics of academic writing. While you might have some guidance from your professors about the basics of writing the paper, it is essential to understand how to prepare aviation term papers, and this aviation term paper guide will highlight what you need to become an expert. Pick a Suitable Topic for an Aviation Term Paper: Suggestions from Our Writers One of the first areas where you might encounter the requirement to write an aviation term paper is likely at school. Your professor might not necessarily give you tasks that require in-depth research involving technical data or complicated calculations. You might have the choice to write a term paper on aviation or a related topic. At the very least, there are three critical things you should consider before writing: Pick an issue that is specific. Term papers are between five and seven pages which might not leave much opportunity for an extended discussion. You might not have a chance to cover too much information. At the same time, you need to find a topic that will allow you to cover it well without going over the word limit. It might be helpful to search for the topic on aviation-related websites. You could also think about particular areas that you might like to examine and narrow your options to an issue that is not only small but also manageable. Choose something that does not have many technical terms. For instance, you could choose to write about a particular airplane model. However, if you do not know much about engineering and math aspects that define aviation, it might not help to choose such a topic. It would be difficult to simplify something that you are unable to understand fully. At this stage, it is not possible that you are an expert in the aviation field or have the knowledge that would make you grasp complex technical details. If you chose such a topic, it is likely that the teacher would either be shocked or confused while grading your paper. He or she might not believe that you know how to build a turbine so choosing an advanced topic might be too difficult for you to carry out an adequate analysis. Try to stay away from topics that have been discussed many times before. If you wish to write about an aspect that many people have considered, do your best to avoid the obvious choices. Consult with your friends and other students to find out what they are writing about so that you do not end up writing on the same issue. For instance, you might find it interesting to write about the history of aviation. As exciting as it might seem, there are many papers written on this matter. It is likely that your teacher has gone through students who have done similar topics. Set aside some time to find a choice that would help you create a unique term paper and at the same time ensure the teacher is not bored enough that could cause you a failing grade. The following sample topics might also give you an idea of which way to go when it comes to writing an aviation term paper: The Evolution of the Jet Engine; The Growth of Commercial Space Travel; History and Development of Airport Security; The Safety of Commercial Airlines; Current Status and Future of the Airline Industry; The State of the Airline Industry Following the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. As you can see, it is relatively easy to narrow down to a topic that you might like and take an interesting approach. The rules above will be helpful when deciding what to dedicate an aviation term paper to. They will enable you to come up with a unique piece of work thereby ensuring a top grade. Choosing the topic is only the first step. After picking a problem, you need to learn the best way to write it and the essential aspects to consider while analyzing and writing the term paper. The 2 ‘Before-Writing’ Missions As you begin writing the aviation term paper, it might be difficult to determine the best place to start. Even if you have clear prompts and a clear understanding of the material and numerous ideas, beginning a paper can present a significant challenge. The following strategies might help you get a better understanding of how to finally structure your paper: Brainstorming. Here, you would quickly write down each of your thoughts about the topic as fast as they appear to you. Think of your ideas as if they are a storm going around in your head, and you have to remove them. The writing does not have to be formal or organized at this stage. You can even use bullet points to write down your ideas because brainstorming often looks like a list as opposed to a recognizable piece of writing. Carry out some free writing. It will help you to answer some fundamental questions about the specific topic you want to discuss. In this case, think about the different problems you might give an answer to and the things you want to say about your issue. Free writing might provide you with an idea about the amount of research you will need to carry out. If you can answer a vast majority of the questions your research would pose, it might help you determine the type of information you could add to make your paper interesting. It is also important to consider the kinds of guidelines you have. You should also take notes about the additional actions you might have to take to ensure that the term paper meets the requirements. These are the essential elements which you have to adopt if you want to prepare an aviation term paper that gets a high grade. Learn to Effectively Structure an Aviation Term Paper So you have your topic picked out, and you have a general idea about what you want to discuss. You must learn how to present the information in a logical way that will tell your professor and the people who will read your paper exactly what you want to say about the issue. It is critical that you structure everything in its proper section to ensure a flow of information, At its base, the term paper is made up of four parts: the introduction, literature review, discussion, the body, and conclusion. The Introduction. Here, you must state the topic you wish to investigate and present the overall context of the research. This part is the most critical moment of the work. Overall the introduction and the conclusion should tell the reader what your topic was about. The introduction is preceded by an abstract which provides an overview of the entire paper. This section should end with a thesis which tells the reader why they should be concerned about the problem, the scientific methods you will use, and the results. The literature review provides an opportunity to examine the information already posted about the problem. It is essential to be careful in this section because it is likely that your professor will look at it carefully to ensure that you have a firm understanding of the arguments you are presenting. Also, make sure to collect as much information as possible. This section is a journey that enables you to interact with a significant amount of reading. The discussion part of the paper presents you with the chance to outline what you have interpreted about the problem. Be honest and explain the data that you do not agree with and the different concepts that you think support your paper. This particular section helps to link practice and theory when writing the paper. In the paper’s body, emphasize the arguments that support your thesis statement. It is essential for this section to be logical which is why you must choose a simple topic. When writing this part, always consider your professor. Do not only record the most apparent causes and solutions. Take time to outline what you found out during the research and how it demonstrates your thesis statement. Finally, the conclusion is where you summarize the content and its purpose. Restate your thesis statement and provide a brief analysis of how it justifies your topic. In the end, you could present a question aimed at encouraging the reader to reflect on the subject. The Great Power of an Outline Writing a term paper without the necessary planning is impossible. During this planning process, you can write the draft. It will help you to determine which direction you want your term paper to go. Your method can be as simple as using a pencil and a notebook. During this section, you will come up with your first draft. Write as many drafts as possible to help you reach your goal a quality paper. Your aim, in this case, is to create an excellent piece of work. Hence, practice until you feel right about it. Post-Writing Stage: Evaluate Your Chances to Get an A+ Your journey towards writing a perfect term paper is almost over. You have chosen your topic and learned the steps to make it a logical piece of work. However, you need to think about a few details which, if ignored, might undermine the quality of the paper: Check the professors requirements. In an aviation term paper, the professor presents the outcomes he/she wants to be met in your work page length and the type of format. It is essential to understand each of these outcomes before beginning the term paper. Show an understanding of the theories in the aviation field and use the right language to get solutions to the research question. Use high-quality sources. Before writing the paper, do some research and find sources that are peer-reviewed to prove your arguments. Ensure that you have a balance between books, credible Internet sources, and journal articles. Follow the expected writing format. For instance, if the professor requires you to apply APA to your paper, ensure that you have followed the latest version. The Final Flourish Proofreading You will only be assured of the highest grade if you present an article with no errors. Engaging in this step after finishing the entire paper is essential. Proofreading occurs following some actions that will result in a proper term paper you can be confident in. Give some rest to the term paper before proofreading. This time will provide your mind with space it needs to absorb and understand the information. You might get the opportunity to examine the paper with a fresh perspective. Go through your work as many times as possible. It is almost sure that you will encounter many faults. They might be grammar, simple mistakes in spelling or facts. As you are doing the proofreading, focus on the structural challenges. Make sure that the thesis statement is logical and easy to understand and that the information provided supports this statement. Even if you do not see any serious problems, focus on aspects such as formatting and punctuation. Make sure to explain any technical terms. Never assume that the professor understands these concepts. Use academic language and remove any informal references as these can reduce the overall quality of the paper. You want to ensure that the paper you present to the professor is a masterpiece. Avoid using such contractions as its and wont as they often bring down the quality of a term paper. The information contained in this guide on how to write an aviation term paper will provide you with all the tools you need to present an excellent aviation term paper. Following it means saving yourself time surfing the Internet for a template on this type of writing. Using the aviation term paper tips will give you a significant advantage over other students and make your process of preparing the term paper more effective!

Emily Dickinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Emily Dickinson - Essay Example She spent much of her childhood and on writing letters to her friends and numerous poems. When Emily was only fourteen, she witnessed the death of her second cousin and close friend, Sophia Holland, and became traumatized. Her parents sent her away to live with family in Boston, where she was able to get proper treatment and recover from the horrific event. After she returned home to Amherst, she also returned to school, where she made numerous friends and correspondences, and found solace in her church. When she completed her time at the Academy, she briefly attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which was short lived due to a mixture of Emily’s failing health and her distaste for the evangelical fervor of the school. She returned home and became, more or less, domesticated, cleaning and cooking for her family. At eighteen, Emily was introduced to Benjamin Franklin Newton, who, according to letters written by Emily herself, was believed to play a large role in the majority o f Emily’s writing as she grew older. He encouraged her writing, sharing with her his belief that she had what it took to be an accomplished, published poet. It was Newton that introduced her to other famous writers and poets, such as William Wordsworth, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Lydia Maria Child. Unfortunately, Newton died not too long after from tuberculosis, and Emily’s brother took on the role of ensuring that his sister got all the books she could possibly want, including many works by William Shakespeare. In 1850, Emily’s emotional and mental states took a turn for the worst. In a span of just a few years, Emily lost a handful of close friends to various illnesses. As a result of these deaths, Emily withdrew into herself, keeping out of sight and sound of society. Emily continued to write her poems, though they focused greatly on the subject of death, which came as no surprise. However, the first half of the 1860s, the years following these deaths, â€Å"p roved to be Dickinson’s most productive writing period (Habegger 405).† In the later half of the 1860s, though, Emily became even more withdrawn, never leaving the house unless she absolutely needed to; even her poems became few and far between. In the mid-1870s, Emily lost both of her parents, as well as a few more close friends, plunging her into an even greater depression, where she remained until she died on May 15, 1886, from Bright’s disease. Emily was considered to be an intelligent poet due to the unique ways in which she wrote her poetry. They contained short lines, slant rhythm, unconventional capitalization and punctation, and they seldom had titles (McNeil 2). Emily often rejected pentameter, preferring to use trimeter, tetrameter, and dimeter, the use of all of these is considered to be irregular. She was also used dashes in the place of periods or commas, which would often increase the moods of her poems. The majority of her poems dealt with death a nd immortality; Emily viewed the latter as something attainable through her writing, which was also a thought she conceived during her brief friendship with Newton. Common themes include the use of flowers and gardens, morbidity, and gospel. Many of Emily’s poems were also peppered with psalms and riddles, as well as hymns and song-forms. When

Loss of Productivity in The Workplace and Modern Technology Essay

Loss of Productivity in The Workplace and Modern Technology - Essay Example Simplistic assessments driven by special interests tend to convince the confused corporate employer to attribute the blame of productivity loss to an errant workforce and jump into a frenzy of surveillance and lay-offs without being sure at the first place, whether the traditional ideas of productivity can be applied at all to the situation. New technology creates new stresses as also new benefits, and the idea of productivity itself needs to change and take into account the whole rather than a part of the consequences of the computer network in the workspace. "To be sure, part of the problem is that we are mismeasuring productivity" (Blinder & Quandt, 27-28) for we have not yet standardized the inputs and outputs, and the traditional workspace is already being pushed by the virtual workspace that extends the office workspace into the homes of telecommuting employees. When we talk about productivity in the workplace, our primary concern is labor or employee productivity, and the way modern technology affects it. Despite its obvious boons, modern technology also affects the workspace by its inherent tangible and mechanical complexity, fallibility, and speed of change. Usually these are overlooked as corporates tend to view system failures as part of the game while employee failures as unpardonable. Too often, in the confus... 'Hand it round first, and cut it afterwards.' Too often, in the confused state of the market, employers buy systems and software first and understand their compatibility and utility later. This results in a terrible lack of standardization that affects both the employer and the employee. A hardware failure can cost between 2-16 hours of productivity on an individual computer. A server failure affects the entire workforce and can throttle productivity and raise stress to unbearable heights especially if deadlines are on hand. (Johnston) Slow operating systems and machines take away productive time frustrating the employee who feels out of control, and that the computer sets the pace of work rather than the human. The effect of system failures on worker stress and productivity has been a matter of research and "some studies have shown that characteristics of computer technology can add to the stress experienced by office workers. Johansson and Aronsson ( 1984 ) showed that computer breakdown yielded an increase in adrenaline excre tion and diastolic blood pressure, as well as in selfrated irritation, fatigue, rush, and boredom. Schleifer ( 1987 ) showed that slow computer response time generated higher ratings of mood disturbances."( Carayon-Sainfort, 246) The loss of valuable data and related productivity loss exhibits worker stress in a phenomenon termed as PC rage. In a research conducted by Symantec in UK in conjunction with the National Opinion Poll, it was found that nearly half of Britons have reacted to system crashes by "either abusing colleagues, hitting the computer, screaming, shouting or hurling parts of the PC." (PC Rage, The Birmingham Post) More than half of the Symantec research subjects admitted to experiencing a loss of productivity as a result of