The Giver’s Compassion for Jonas :: The Giver Essays

The givers Compassion for JonasJonas community is ordered and ruled. Everything is same their clothes, houses and lives. People follow the rules until they die. They cut nonhing ab appear the true human life. The receiver of memory, the giver, is the altogether person who is able to the true pleasure of life. When Jonas is elected as the receiver of memory by the community and meets the Giver, his life is changed. Everything he believes in was controlled and hidden the real human life by the community. He is getting to realize that he will not be able to stay in the community any more and starts to find his own and comfort place. I would like to focus on describing the Giver compression for Jonas because I do think that this book can not be described without him.In the book, the Giver is described as an old man, perpetually staying and keeping his sadness for the community alone. He is the only person who really slams what is going on in the community and its people. Hi s role is to give the community advice and help, when they deliver something that they have not experienced. The community needs the Giver, even thought they have a long history, already fixed its structure, rarely ask the Giver advice. They know nothing, The Giver said bitterly (p.105). He feels sad and helpless for the community, because they reject to have memory and choose painless and predictable life. Memory includes not only in sadness, pain, and evil of human life but also in real happiness and pleasure of human life. The Giver likes to have the memory, however he feels loneliness not to share the memory with people, regret to receive the memory, and bitterness that the community would keep this condition forever. He can not find out the possibility to change the entire community. Even though Jonas asked the Giver to come with him, he can not escape form the place and has to take do of the community (p.161-162). The Givers compassion in the story is not only for the c ommunity but also for Jonas. He must be multiform and struggling because he already knows the train will be hard and control the most important parts of the human, which includes the feelings like love, warmth, sadness, patience, and pleasure.

Physics of MiniDisk Players Essay -- physics electronics minidisk

Introduction In 1986, designers at Sony began the quest to develop a sound medium that combined the benefits of the buddy-buddy disc, such as sound quality and track accessibility, with the recordability of the cassette tape, in a player with unprecedented portability. They gave engineers the task of creating what would later be called the Minidisc, a wallet coat unit that could record, play, and store music on cartridge enclosed discs. Engineers integrated several technologies to produce the Minidisc, all utilizing the laws of physics. They found that -Laser optics would be the obvious choice for interlingual rendition data.-Magneto optic technology would be created to record breeding.-To allow recordability, new disc properties had to be defined.-Compression and acoustic principles would be incorporated to store information on a disc 1/5 the size of the compact disc.The laser used in the minidisc player serves two purposes. Its primary role is to read digital inf ormation in a similar fashion as a CD player. Its secondary, but equally important, function is to supply focused heat to the minidisc itself during the recording process. optical maser HEAT The minidisc recording system takes advantage of a discovery by Pierre Curie in the 1880s. He found that when iron is heated up to a certain temperature, now called the Curie point, it loses its magnetic properties. Similarly, when the minidisc laser is directed at a tiny point of the disc during recording, it heats that spot up to clxxx degrees celsius, and the disc material loses its magnetic properties. A magnetic field can then be frozen onto that point once it moves past the laser beam, storing data. For more information on the recording process, visit... ...o-acoustic principles, which states that the ear is more sensitive to some frequencies of sound than others. Psychoacoustics also explores the relationship between the intensity of sound (its decibel level) and its frequency. As you can see from the equi-loudness curve below, a low frequency, gamy intensity wave will produce the same loudness as a high frequency, low intensity wave.The masking of sound is another factor considered during the compression process. This occurs when one sound blocks another sound from being heard. For example, on a brusk fall day you would be able to hear leaves rustling in the wind until a marching band stomps by. ATRAC would omit the rustling leaves data that was disguise by the band, saving storage space. Once the audible sound data is singled out, it can easily be compressed and stored with an inperceivable change in sound quality.

Essay on the Religious Right and The Handmaids Tale :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Religious Right and The Handmaids baloney   The Handmaids Tale by Marg atomic number 18t Atwood is set in the near future in the nation of Gilead, formerly the United States. A sacred extremist right-wing movement kill the president and congress and took complete control of the government. The constitution was suspended and liberties revoked. Women embed themselves completely subordinated in the new regime, generally assigned to the legal care of a male guardian. Offred, the main character of the story, was fortunate in many ways. Because she was even fertile, she was not branded an Unwoman and sent to the Colonies, where thousands of individuals deemed undesirable by the government were sent to employment in toxic plants and agricultural camps. Instead, her fate was to become a handmaid. Birthrates were declining in the nation, so a fertile female became a prized commodity. Since Offred had been divorced prior to the revolution, the religious leaders controlling the government saw fit to take her from her sanction husband and child and assign her to a guardian, a high ranking male. Her bushel purpose in life with the guardian was to become pregnant. Once a month an insemination ceremony would take place, during which the guardian would attempt to impregnate Offred while his wife read passages from the bible to them. All three remained clothed and there was no passion abstruse. In the course of her life as a handmaid, Offred discovers more about(predicate) Gilead. Her secondary duty (after getting pregnant) was to go into town each sidereal day and purchase food. She gradually makes contact with another handmaid, Ofglen, who introduces her to the underground movement against the republic. She eventually becomes involved in a number of illegal activities, and eventually is forced to hear and escape. The Handmaids Tale is really about the role of women in society. If it were possible to eliminate women from Gilead, it seems that the republic would have done so. Instead, they are reduced into doing the one thing for which Gilead jackpot find no substitute -- producing children. They are so reduced that they cannot even determine passion or enjoy sex. Infertile women have it even worsened they are not considered to be women at all, and are deported or killed. The message is that women are needed to continue humanity but that they are to have no other role in the society that they allow to exist.Essay on the Religious Right and The Handmaids Tale Handmaids Tale Essays The Religious Right and The Handmaids Tale   The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood is set in the near future in the Republic of Gilead, formerly the United States. A religious extremist right-wing movement assassinated the president and congress and took complete control of the government. The constitution was suspended and liberties revoked. Women found themselves completely subordinated in the new regime, generally assigned to the leg al care of a male guardian. Offred, the main character of the story, was fortunate in many ways. Because she was still fertile, she was not branded an Unwoman and sent to the Colonies, where thousands of individuals deemed undesirable by the government were sent to toil in toxic plants and agricultural camps. Instead, her fate was to become a handmaid. Birthrates were declining in the republic, so a fertile female became a prized commodity. Since Offred had been divorced prior to the revolution, the religious leaders controlling the government saw fit to take her from her second husband and child and assign her to a guardian, a high ranking male. Her sole purpose in life with the guardian was to become pregnant. Once a month an insemination ceremony would take place, during which the guardian would attempt to impregnate Offred while his wife read passages from the bible to them. All three remained clothed and there was no passion involved. In the course of her life as a handmaid, Offred discovers more about Gilead. Her secondary duty (after getting pregnant) was to go into town each day and purchase food. She gradually makes contact with another handmaid, Ofglen, who introduces her to the underground movement against the republic. She eventually becomes involved in a number of illegal activities, and eventually is forced to try and escape. The Handmaids Tale is really about the role of women in society. If it were possible to eliminate women from Gilead, it seems that the republic would have done so. Instead, they are reduced into doing the one thing for which Gilead can find no substitute -- producing children. They are so reduced that they cannot even feel passion or enjoy sex. Infertile women have it even worse they are not considered to be women at all, and are deported or killed. The message is that women are needed to continue humanity but that they are to have no other role in the society that they allow to exist.

manager should be a leader Essay -- essays research papers

manager should be a leader What is leadership? How is it unlike from being a manager? How can leaders hold in their finger on the pulse of whats happening, inspire others to high achievement, guide their team members done difficult decisions, and still constitute time to actually finish a cup of coffee while its still warm? The solution is disarmingly simple Ask questions. Listen to the answers. Ask some more questions. Give good answers to questions asked by others. Easier said than done.The Relationship of leaders and Management In general, the middle of the road viewpoints hold that 1) although there are many overlaps, leadership and management are different things, involving differing skills, behaviors, and viewpoints 2) those who use only leadership skills, behaviors, and viewpoints are ineffective in organizations that have significant administrative components 3) those who use only management skills, behaviors, and viewpoints are ineffective in organizations that have sign ificant human components and 4) in organizations having both administrative and human components, only those who use an appropriate balance of management and leadership skills, behaviors, and viewpoints can be effective. As an example, William Wallace (who most of us Anglos know as "Braveheart") would have been completely ineffective leading the Scots to victory over the English if he were to have used only management skills. Conversely, the proprietor of a financial management business would probably relate to her clients well but wouldnt make much currency for them if she were to use only leadership skills. Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD, wrote that leadership is a facet of management. He wrote, "Leadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager mustiness possess. Care must be taken in distinguishing between the two concepts. The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. To achieve this, manager s must undertake the following functions organization planning staffing direct controlling Leadership is just one important component of the directing function." If effective management requires us to practice good management skills and effective leadership requires us to practice good leadership skills, and both are unavoidable to do our jobs as SGLs well then first we need an ... ...tLeaders dont inflict pain. They bear pain." - Max DePreeAh well I am their leader, I authentically ought to follow them - Alexandre Auguste Ledru-RollinWhen the effective leader is finished with his work, the people say it happened naturally. - Lao Tse I start with the premise that the function of leadership is to produce more leaders, non more followers - Ralph Nader Lead and inspire people. Dont try to manage and manipulate people. Inventories can be managed but people must be lead. - Ross Perot The quality of a leader is reflected in the standards they set for themselves. - Ray Kroc, Founder of McDonaldsThe task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been. - Henry Kissinger Think of managing spay as an adventure. It tests your skills and abilities. It brings forth talent that may have been dormant. Change is also a training ground for leadership. When we think of leaders, we remember times of change, innovation and conflict. Leadership is often about shaping a new way of life. To do that, you must advance change, take risks and accept responsibility for making change happen. - Charles E. Rice, chief executive officer of Barnett Bank

Battle of Tippecanoe Essay -- Military History

The Battle of TippecanoeIntroduction The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought during the early morning hours of November 7, 1811, on a tree-covered knoll just outside of modern solar day Prophetstown, Indiana. American forces, under the command of William Henry Harrison, were attacked by a band of Indian tribes unified by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh. A relatively minor battle, in comparison to others remembered in American History, this small battle proved to play a significant role in the shaping of the newly formed country. elusive among historians regarding the constructive effects of the battle once against its negative repercussions , its importance is unmistakable. Ultimately, the results of this day would bring to an end any prospect for a United Indian Confederation, and never again would the Native Americans be able to effectively challenge American expansion. History William Henry Harrison, later to become the ninth President of the United States, was a array officer born to a political family. Joining the military at a young age he rose in its ranks under the guardianship of General Mad Anthony Wayne where he served as a lieutenant and Aide-de-Camp during the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The winning of this battle paved the way for the peace subscribe of the Greenville Treaty. This single treaty ceded most of present day Ohio and pushed many Algonquians from their tribal lands. In less than 15 years time, by Harrisons efforts, 48 billion acres of Native American lands would be lost by cessation. Appointed as Superintendent of the North West Indians and Indiana Territory Governor he was undoubtedly the single most powerful white in the West. Harrison, having higher ambitions then frontier... ... forces to take advantage of situation to shape the battle in his favor. dare and willing to take calculated risks he was able to effectively negate all of the varying tactics the Indians attempted to employ at him to achieve his victo ry. ReferencesCleaves, Freeman. archaic Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison and His Time. Port Washington, NY Kennikat Press, 1969.Eckert, Alan W. A Sorrow in our Heart The Life of Tecumseh. Broadway, NY Bantam Books, 1992.Eckert, Alan W. That Dark and Bloody River Chronicles of the Ohio River Valley. Broadway, NY Bantam Books, 1995.Jortner, Adam Joseph. The Gods of Prophetstown The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy warfare for the American Frontier. Oxford, NY Oxford University Press, 2012.The Complete History of U.S. Wars Manifest Destiny Wars, Ambrose Video 2004

Battle of Tippecanoe Essay -- Military History

The Battle of TippecanoeIntroduction The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought during the early morning hours of November 7, 1811, on a tree-covered knoll just outside of modern day Prophetstown, Indiana. American forces, under the command of William Henry Harrison, were attacked by a band of Indian tribes unified by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh. A relatively minor battle, in comparison to others remembered in American History, this small battle proved to play a significant mapping in the shaping of the newly formed country. Debatable among historians regarding the constructive effects of the battle against its negative repercussions , its importance is unmistakable. Ultimately, the results of this day would bring to an end any fit for a United Indian Confederation, and never again would the Native Americans be able to effectively challenge American expansion. History William Henry Harrison, later to create the ninth President of the United States, was a military officer b orn to a political family. Joining the military at a young grow he rose in its ranks under the tutelage of General Mad Anthony Wayne where he served as a lieutenant and Aide-de-Camp during the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The good-natured of this battle paved the way for the peace signing of the Greenville Treaty. This single treaty ceded most of present day Ohio and pushed many Algonquians from their tribal lands. In less than 15 years time, by Harrisons efforts, 48 million acres of Native American lands would be lost by cessation. Appointed as Superintendent of the northmost West Indians and Indiana Territory Governor he was undoubtedly the single most powerful white in the West. Harrison, having higher ambitions then frontier... ... forces to take reinforcement of situation to shape the battle in his favor. Daring and willing to take calculated risks he was able to effectively negate all of the varying evasive action the Indians attempted to employ at him to achieve his victory. ReferencesCleaves, Freeman. Old Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison and His Time. Port Washington, NY Kennikat Press, 1969.Eckert, Alan W. A Sorrow in our Heart The Life of Tecumseh. Broadway, NY Bantam Books, 1992.Eckert, Alan W. That Dark and blooming(a) River Chronicles of the Ohio River Valley. Broadway, NY Bantam Books, 1995.Jortner, Adam Joseph. The Gods of Prophetstown The Battle of Tippecanoe and the Holy War for the American Frontier. Oxford, NY Oxford University Press, 2012.The Complete History of U.S. Wars Manifest Destiny Wars, Ambrose Video 2004

Bond and Market Capitalization Rate

330-s2013-prac9 1. An American put plectron gives its holder the mighty to _________. A. buy the implicit in(p) asset at the exercise damage on or before the discharge reckon B. buy the be asset at the exercise cost only at the expiration date C. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date D. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date 2. An American c al one(a) weft gives the buyer the right to _________. A. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date B. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date C. ell the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date D. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date 3. A European call option gives the buyer the right to _________. A. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date B. buy the underlying asset at the ex ercise price only at the expiration date C. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date D. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date 4. You leveraging unmatchable IBM July 120 call contract for a premium of $5.You hold the option until the expiration date when IBM express sells for $123 per sh ar. You volition realize a ______ on the investment. A. $200 profit B. $200 loss C. $300 profit D. $300 loss 5. At contract adulthood the range of a call option is ___________ where X equals the options strike price and ST is the communication channel price at contract expiration. A. Max(0, ST X) B. Min(0, ST X) C. Max(0, X ST) D. Min(0, X ST) 1 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A Long Call Profit = Max0,($123 $120)( one hundred) $500 = -$200 1. A tauten that has an ROE of 12% is considering cutting its dividend gestateout.The stockholders of the firm desire a dividend government issue of 4% and a capital gain carry o f 9%. Given this in phaseation which of the future(a) statement(s) is/are correct? I. solely else equal the firms product aim go away accele stray after the conciliateout change II. All else equal the firms stock price pull up stakes go up after the repairout change deuce-ace. All else equal the firms P/E ratio will increase after the payout change A. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. II and triad onlyD. I, II and III 2. A firm cuts its dividend payout ratio. As a result you know that the firms _______. A. fade on assets will increaseB. arnings storage ratio will increase C. earnings fixth wander will fallD. stock price will fall 3. An underpriced stock provides an anticipate precipitate which is ____________ the required founder based on the capital asset pricing impersonate (CAPM). A. less thanB. equal toC. greater thanD. greater than or equal to 4. Stockholders of Dogs R Us Pet Supply expect a 12% honor of return on their stock. Management has consistently been generat ing a ROE of 15% over the last 5 course of studys except now believes that ROE will be 12% for the next five familys. Given this the firms optimal dividend payout ratio is now ______.A. 0%B. 100%C. between 0% and 50%D. between 50% and 100% 5. The constant build upth dividend discount model (DDM) can be used only when the ___________. A. growth vaga wedge is less than or equal to the required returnB. growth rate is greater than or equal to the required return C. growth rate is less than the required returnD. growth rate is greater than the required return 6. Suppose that in 2009 the pass judgment dividends of the stocks in a broad market index equaled $240 million when the discount rate was 8% and the expected growth rate of the dividends equaled 6%.Using the constant growth formula for valuation, if bear on rates increase to 9% the value of the market will change by _____. A. -10%B. -20%C. -25%D. -33% 7. You are considering acquiring a common share of Sahali Shopping Center smoke that you would like to hold for one grade. You expect to receive both $1. 25 in dividends and $35 from the sale of the share at the end of the year. The maximum price you would pay for a share today is __________ if you wanted to earn a 12% return. A. $31. 25B. $32. 37C. $38. 47D. $41. 32 8. Eagle Brand Arrowheads has expected earnings of $1. 5 per share and a market capitalisation rate of 12%. Earnings are expected to grow at 5% per year indefinitely. The firm has a 40% plowback ratio. By how much does the firms ROE exceed the market capitalisation rate? A. 0. 5%B. 1. 0%C. 1. 5%D. 2. 0% 9. A preferred share of Coquihalla Corporation will pay a dividend of $8. 00 in the upcoming year, and every year thereafter, i. e. , dividends are non expected to grow. You require a return of 7% on this stock. Using the constant growth DDM to calculate the intrinsic value, a preferred share of Coquihalla Corporation is worth _________. A. $13. 50B. $45. 50C. $91. 0D. $114. 29 10. Brevik B uilders has an expected ROE of 25%. Its dividend growth rate will be __________ if it follows a policy of paying 30% of earning in the form of dividends. A. 5. 0%B. 15. 0%C. 17. 5%D. 45. 0% 11. Cache Creek Manufacturing ships company is expected to pay a dividend of $3. 36 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at 8% per year. The perilfree rate of return is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 14%. Investors use the CAPM to compute the market capitalization rate, and the constant growth DDM to determine the value of the stock. The stocks current price is $84. 0. Using the constant growth DDM, the market capitalization rate is _________. A. 9%B. 12%C. 14%D. 18% 12. Ace Ventura, Inc. has expected earnings of $5 per share for next year. The firms ROE is 15% and its earnings retention ratio is 40%. If the firms market capitalization rate is 10%, what is the present value of its growth opportunities? A. $25B. $50C. $75D. $100 13. Flanders, Inc. has expec ted earnings of $4 per share for next year. The firms ROE is 8% and its earnings retention ratio is 40%. If the firms market capitalization rate is 15%, what is the present value of its growth opportunities?A. -$6. 33B. $0C. $20. 34D. $26. 67 14. Cache Creek Manufacturing Company is expected to pay a dividend of $4. 20 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 8% per year. The riskfree rate of return is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 14%. Investors use the CAPM to compute the market capitalization rate on the stock, and the constant growth DDM to determine the intrinsic value of the stock. The stock is trading in the market today at $84. 00. Using the constant growth DDM and the CAPM, the beta of the stock is _________. A. 1. 4B. 0. 9C. 0. 8D. 0. 5 15.Westsyde ray of light Company is expected to pay a dividend of $2. 00 in the upcoming year. The unhazardous rate of return is 6% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 12%. Analysts expect the price of Westsyde Tool Company shares to be $29 a year from now. The beta of Westsyde Tool Companys stock is 1. 20. Using a oneperiod valuation model, the intrinsic value of Westsyde Tool Company stock today is _________. A. $24. 29B. $27. 39C. $31. 13D. $34. 52 16. Todd Mountain development Corporation is expected to pay a dividend of $2. 50 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 8% per year.The risk-free rate of return is 5% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 12%. The stock of Todd Mountain suppuration Corporation has a beta of 0. 75. Using the CAPM, the return you should require on the stock is _________. A. 7. 25%B. 10. 25%C. 14. 75%D. 21. 00% 17. Interior Airline is expected to pay a dividend of $3 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 10% per year. The risk-free rate of return is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 13%. The stock of Interior Airline has a beta of 4 . 00. Using the constant growth DDM, the intrinsic value of the stock is _________.A. $10. 00B. $22. 73C. $27. 78D. $41. 67 18. Everything equal, which variable is negatively related to intrinsic value of a company? A. D1B. D0C. gD. k 19. A common stock pays an annual dividend per share of $1. 80. The risk-free rate is 5 percent and the risk premium for this stock is 4 percent. If the annual dividend is expected to remain at $1. 80 per share, what is the value of the stock? A. $17. 78B. $20. 00C. $40. 00D. no(prenominal) of the above 20. A stock is priced at $45 per share. The stock has earnings per share of $3. 00 and a market capitalization rate of 14%. What is the stocks PVGO?A. $23. 57B. $15. 00C. $19. 78D. $21. 34 21. If a firm has a free cash flow equal to $50 million and that cash flow is expected to grow at 3% forever, what is the entirety firm value given a WACC of 9. 5%? A. $679 millionB. $715 millionC. $769 millionD. $803 million 22. Next years earnings are estimated to be $5. 00. The company plans to reinvest 20% of its earnings at 15%. If the cost of equity is 9%, what is the present value of growth opportunities? A. $9. 09B. $10. 10C. $11. 11D. $12. 21 1. A2. B3. C4. B5. C6. D7. B8. A9. D10. C11. B12. A13. A14. B15. B16. B17. A18. D19. B20. A21. C22.C 1. Consider two alinements, A and B. Both impounds presently are selling at their par value of $1,000. Each pay bear on of $120 annually. Bond A will mature in 5 eld while shackle B will mature in 6 years. If the turn ins to maturity on the two bails change from 12% to 14%, _________. A. both dumbfound certificates will increase in value but gravel A will increase more than bond B B. both bonds will increase in value but bond B will increase more than bond A C. both bonds will lessen in value but bond A will decrease more than bond B D. both bonds will decrease in value but bond B will decrease more than bond A 2.Everything else equal the __________ the maturity of a bond and the _______ ___ the verifier the greater the sensitivity of the bonds price to interest rate changes. A. longer richly B. longer reduce C. shorter higher D. shorter lower 3. A __________ bond is a bond where the issuer has an option to retire the bond before maturity at a specific price after a specific date. A. callable B. coupon C. puttable D. treasury 4. In an era of particularly low interest rates, which of the following bonds is closely likely to be called? A. Zero coupon bonds B. Coupon bonds selling at a discount C. Coupon bonds selling at a premium D.Floating rate bonds 5. A coupon bond which pays interest of 4% annually, has a par value of $1,000, matures in 5 years, and is selling today at $785. The true yield to maturity on this bond is _________. A. 7. 2% B. 8. 8% C. 9. 1% D. 9. 6% 6. A coupon bond which pays interest of $60 annually, has a par value of $1,000, matures in 5 years, and is selling today at a $75. 25 discount from par value. The current yield on this bond is __ _______. A. 6. 00% B. 6. 49% C. 6. 73% D. 7. 00% 7. A coupon bond which pays interest semi-annually has a par value of $1,000, matures in 8 years, and has a yield to maturity of 6%.If the coupon rate is 7%, the intrinsic value of the bond today will be __________ (to the nearest dollar). A. $1,000 B. $1,063 C. $1,081 D. $1,100 8. A treasury bond due in one year has a yield of 6. 3% while a treasury bond due in 5 years has a yield of 8. 8%. A bond due in 5 years issued by High Country Marketing Corporation has a yield of 9. 6% while a bond due in one year issued by High Country Marketing Corporation has a yield of 6. 8%. The default risk premiums on the one-year and 5-year bonds issued by High Country Marketing Corp. are respectively __________ and _________. A. 0. 4%, 0. 3% B. 0. 4%, 0. % C. 0. 5%, 0. 5% D. 0. 5%, 0. 8% 9. A nonentity-coupon bond has a yield to maturity of 5% and a par value of $1,000. If the bond matures in 16 years, it should sell for a price of __________ today. A. $458. 00 B. $641. 00 C. $789. 00 D. $1,100. 00 10. You can be sure that a bond will sell at a premium to par when _________. A. its coupon rate is greater than its yield to maturity B. its coupon rate is less than its yield to maturity C. its coupon rate equal to its yield to maturity D. its coupon rate is less than its modulation value 11. Consider a 7-year bond with a 9% coupon and a yield to maturity of 12%.If interest rates remain constant, one year from now the price of this bond will be _________. A. higher B. lower C. the same D. indeterminate 12. The yield to maturity on a bond is ________. I. above the coupon rate when the bond sells at a discount, and below the coupon rate when the bond sells at a premium II. the discount rate that will set the present value of the payments equal to the bond price III. equal to the true compound return on investment only if all interest payments received are reinvested at the yield to maturity A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II and III 13.Assuming semiannual compounding, a 20-year home in coupon bond with a par value of $1,000 and a required return of 12% would be priced at _________. A. $97 B. $104 C. $364 D. $732 14. The yield to maturity of an 10-year zero coupon bond, with a par value of $1,000 and a market price of $625, is _____. A. 4. 8% B. 6. 1% C. 7. 7% D. 10. 4% 15. If the recite for a Treasury bond is listed in the newspaper as 9809 bid, 9813 ask, the actual price for you to purchase this bond given a $10,000 par value is _____________. A. $9,828. 12 B. $9,809. 38 C. $9,840. 62 D. $9,813. 42 16. The price on a treasury bond is 10421 with a yield to maturity of 3. 5%. The price on a comparable maturity corporate bond is 10311 with a yield to maturity of 4. 59%. What is the approximate piece value of the credit risk of the corporate bond? A. 1. 14% B. 3. 45% C. 4. 59% D. 8. 04% 17. You buy an 8 year $1000 par value bond today that has a 6% yield and a 6% annual payment coupon. In one year promised yields have risen to 7%. Your one year holding period return was ___. A. 0. 61% B. -5. 39% C. 1. 28% D. -3. 25% 18. If the coupon rate on a bond is 4. 50% and the bond is selling at a premium, which of the following is the most likely yield to maturity on the bond?A. 4. 30% B. 4. 50% C. 5. 20% D. 5. 50% 19. All an early(a)(prenominal) things equal, which of the following has the longest duration? A. A 30 year bond with a 10% coupon B. A 20 year bond with a 9% coupon C. A 20 year bond with a 7% coupon D. A 10 year zero coupon bond 20. All other things equal, which of the following has the shortest duration? A. A 30 year bond with a 10% coupon B. A 20 year bond with a 9% coupon C. A 20 year bond with a 7% coupon D. A 10 year zero coupon bond 21. (Challenge question) A pension fund must pay out $1 million next year, $2 million the following year and then $3 million the year after that.If the discount rate is 8% what is the duration of this set of payments? A. 2. 00 years B. 2. 15 years C. 2. 29 years D. 2. 53 years 22. All other things equal, which of the following has the longest duration? A. A 20 year bond with a 10% coupon obedient 10% B. A 20 year bond with a 10% coupon yielding 11% C. A 20 year zero coupon bond yielding 10% D. A 20 year zero coupon bond yielding 11% 23. Because of convexity, when interest rates change the actual bond price will ____________ the bond price predicted by duration. A. always be higher than B. sometimes be higher than C. always be lower than D. ometimes be lower than 24. Duration is a concept that is useful in assessing a bonds _________. A. credit risk B. liquidity risk C. price volatility D. convexity risk 25. A pension fund has an average duration of its liabilities equal to 15 years. The fund is looking at 5 year maturity zero coupon bonds and 4% yield perpetuities to immunize its interest rate risk. How much of its portfolio should it allocate to the zero coupon bonds to immunize if there are no other assets fund ing the plan? A. 52% B. 48% C. 33% D. 25% 26. You own a bond that has a duration of 6 years. Interest rates are urrently 7% but you believe the Fed is about to increase interest rates by 25 theme points. Your predicted price change on this bond is ________. A. +1. 40% B. -1. 40% C. -2. 51% D. +2. 51% 27. A bank has an average duration of its liabilities equal to 2 years. The banks average duration of its assets is 3. 5 years. The banks market value of equity is at risk if _______________________. A. interest rates fall B. credit spreads fall C. interest rates rise D. the price of all fixed income securities rises 28. Banks and other financial institutions can best manage interest rate risk by _____________. A. aximizing the duration of assets and minimizing the duration of liabilities B. minimizing the duration of assets and maximizing the duration of liabilities C. co-ordinated the durations of their assets and liabilities D. matching the maturities of their assets and liabilities 29. The duration of a portfolio of bonds can be calculated as _______________. A. the coupon weighted average of the durations of the somebody bonds in the portfolio B. the yield weighted average of the durations of the individual bonds in the portfolio C. the value weighed average of the durations of the individual bonds in the portfolio D. verages of the durations of the longest and shortest duration bonds in the portfolio 30. Rank the interest sensitivity of the following from most sensitive to an interest rate change to the least sensitive. I. 8% coupon, noncallable 20 year maturity, par bond II. 9% coupon, currently callable 20 year maturity, premium bond III. Zero coupon, 30 year maturity bond A. I, II, III B. II, III, I C. III, I, II D. III, II, I 31. A bank has $50 million in assets, $47 million in liabilities and $3 million in shareholders equity. If the duration of its liabilities are 1. and the bank wants to immunize its net worth against interest rate risk and thereof set the duration of equity equal to zero, it should select assets with an average duration of _________. A. 1. 22 B. 1. 50 C. 1. 60 D. 2. 00 A bond pays annual interest. Its coupon rate is 9%. Its value at maturity is $1,000. It matures in four years. Its yield to maturity is currently 6%. 32. The duration of this bond is _______ years. A. 2. 44 B. 3. 23 C. 3. 56 D. 4. 10 33. The modified duration of this bond is ______ years. A. 4. 00 B. 3. 56 C. 3. 36 D. 3. 05 34. A bond with a 9-year duration is worth $1,080. 0 and its yield to maturity is 8%. If the yield to maturity falls to 7. 84%, you would predict that the new value of the bond will be _________. A. $1,035 B. $1,036 C. $1,094 D. $1,124 35. When interest rates increase, the duration of a 20-year bond selling at a premium _________. A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same D. increases at first, then declines 36. Duration facilitates the comparison of bonds with differing ___________ A. default risk B. conversion ratios C . maturities D. yields to maturity 37. The historical yield spread between the AA bond and the abdominal aortic aneurysm bond has been 25 basis points.Currently the spread is only 9 basis points. If you believe the spread will soon return to its historical levels you should ________________________. A. buy the AA and short the AAA B. buy both the AA and the AAA C. buy the AAA and short the AA D. short both the AA and the AAA 38. The duration of a bond normally increases with an increase in _________. I. term-to-maturity II. yield-to-maturity. III. coupon rate A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III 39. Compute the modified duration of a 9% coupon, 3-year corporate bond with a yield to maturity of 12%. A. 2. 45 B. 2. 75 C. 2. 88 D. 3. 00 40.An 8%, 30-year bond has a yield-to-maturity of 10% and a modified duration of 8. 0 years. If the market yield drops by 15 basis points, there will be a __________ in the bonds price. A. 1. 15% decrease B. 1. 20% increase C. 1. 53% increase D. 2. 43% decrease 41. To create a portfolio with a duration of 4 years using a 5 year zero-coupon bond and a 3 year 8% annual coupon bond with a yield to maturity of 10%, one would have to invest ________ of the portfolio value in the zero-coupon bond. A. 50% B. 55% C. 60% D. 75% 42. Which of the following set of conditions will result in a bond with the greatest price volatility?A. A high coupon and a short maturity. B. A high coupon and a long maturity. C. A low coupon and a short maturity. D. A low coupon and a long maturity. 43. An investor who expects declining interest rates would maximize their capital gain by purchasing a bond that has a ___ coupon and a ___ term to maturity. A. low long B. high short C. high long D. zero long 44. A zero coupon bond is selling at a deep discount price of $430. 00. It matures in 13 years. If the yield to maturity of the bond is 6. 7%, what is the duration of the bond? A. 6. 7 years B. 8. 0 years C. 10 years D. 13 years 45.Co nvexity implies that duration predictions _______. I. underestimate the % increase in bond price when the yield falls II. underestimate the % decrease in bond price when the yield rises III. overestimates the % increase in bond price when the yield falls IV. overestimates the % decrease in bond price when the yield rises A. I and III only B. II and IV only C. I and IV only D. II and III only 1. D2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. B8. D9. A10. A11. A12. D13. A14. A15. C16. A17. A18. A19. A20. D21. C22. C23. A24. C25. A27. C28. C29. C30. C31. A32. C33. C34. C35. B36. C37. C38. A39. A40. B41. B42. D43. D44. D45. C

McDonald Case study Essay

Comparing with different competitors in the catering industry, McDonalds has developed into unity and only(a) the giant and most famous immobile sustenance restaurants in the world. At present time, McDonalds is the worlds largest nutrition service retailers offering function to customers, in the same time they ar retention opening new shops all over the world every day. However, even though their business is keeping increasing, but they in like manner met some negative messages from consumers or other parties, such as their products is not unhealthy, food they provided will cause fleshiness to the childhood.From relative estimation, it shows that corpulency condition and the qty of those overweight children have been increasing rapidly throughout the world. More seriously, childhood obesity rate in the country of Australia is the highest in the world. From this consideration, it is much undeniable to analysis relationship between the fast food and the obesity. Here, I will take the example of McDonalds to research in accompaniment 2.0 Analysis of nerve (McDonald fast food) at that place atomic number 18 lots of people will be consumed in McDonalds., roughly, there are more than 30 million customers will be served in McDonalds restaurants around the world. Accordingly, McDonald also achieved great success, oddly comparing with other not so famous similar competitors. But due to fast foods unique style of business, such as their unique food ingredients, material used and cooking method, people think fast food will be the main cause for the obesity, typically for children, because they the likes of the taste of such fast food a lot and consumed a lot too.In Australia, according to the memorize, there are about 25% of children in Australia are obese or overweight nowadays, while that was just 5% in the 1960s. The study from Australias Child Youth Help shows that the overweight preschoolers aged four years rose from 3.2% for boys and 3.5% for gir ls, to 4.1% for boys and 5.8% for girls in 2002. Also according to more scholars and nutritionists reflection, it is not hard to know that the fast food provided will be the main reason for create childhood obesity.Since obesity has lots of negative resolution to the health of the people, and curiously for childhood, comparing with normal adults, childhood will be the focus for parents or relative health institute to pay attention on. As relative research shows that fast food will generate relative higher fats etc, so becomes one of the main causes of getting child fat. For McDonald, due to their earthshaking achievement, together with their multi-advertisement, makes people, child is more familiar with them, on the contrary, this type of condition also makes McDonald become the target of complaints of childhood obesity. 2.1 Questions 1 McDonald relationship with childhood obesity Due to the cause of the obesity, McDonalds relationship with child and parents becomes much tight. There are lots of people complain this giant food seller, because they have provided to many fast food to children, which cause them failed to be healthfully growing. In which, their variety type advertisement also become the target for people to blame. Because advertisement will figure out good feeling and positive to the consumer, especially when child get to know the advertisement, they will be much easily to be attracted by the contents, thereof, they will be much easily tend to take such advertising food. In the meantime, since they are short of the knowledge to judge and get to know more detail of the products, is itgood, or will it bring bad effect to health once eats. So in the way, McDonalds advertisement becomes the target of peoples blaming.As far as I am concerned, it is not doubt that McDonald will hold the direct responsibility, because they are the food providers, and they are the persuader to make children like their food by advertisement. But in the meantime, chil drens parents shall also have the responsibility. Normally when the child go in to the McDonalds shop, they will accompanied by their parents or elder person, at this point, when the children do not have the knowledge and the ability to tell the negative of the fast food, their older accompanier shall point out in time, also shall provide necessary guide in selecting the food. 2.2 Questions 2. The impact of McDonalds tradeAdvertisement will bring lots of effect to consumers, and for McDonalds marketing because most of their advertisement contents will be designed by professional, who will be able to make the contents of the advertisement will be much attracting to their consumer, and when they target children, normally, the effect of the advertisement will work. Also they will design relative program to present their products to consumers.2.2.1 Impact of McDonalds marketing on individual consumers It is well- cognise the principle of the treatment to the people in McDonalds that pe ople are the key to the success of McDonalds. To individual consumers, McDonalds celebrate the childrens birthday with them.The parties are fun, Hassie-free and make for great memories to give an impressive and unforgettable experience for distributively of the individual customers in it. Customers undersurface choose from two great-value packages, each offering games, entertainment and meals, and with more than 200 committed birthday party restaurants Australia-wide, there are plenty of nearby locations to choose from. Additionally, there is online booking for the restroom of the customers, which is even easier to give the little customers a party theyll love.2.2.2 Impact of McDonalds marketing on other business and society Apart from the great fond impact of McDonalds to the individual consumers,McDonalds itself also shed indispensable impact on other business and society as a whole. There are 267 franchisees and 9,000 suppliers serving as business partners in McDonalds Austra lia alone (McDonalds Australia Corporate righteousness & Sustainability Report 2010). Therefore, the great sales in McDonalds will no doubt generate vast increase to the sales of those business partners to a large extent.2.3 Question 3 Social marketings influence to childrenSocial marketing will contribute and affect a lot to the consumer through variety type of approaches, and it can be clearly known from the example of McDonald. The great success of McDonalds is basically because of its establishment and implication of its responsibility to do whats right. To intermit carry out this responsibility, McDonalds takes several(prenominal) measures as the societal marketing listing be execrable (1) Productive strategy of high choice products.The quality of the products is the life thread of an enterprise. From this consideration, McDonalds places this to the first of the other four criteria. (2) Price strategy of reasonable price. To be successful in the furious competition of fast f ood industry, McDonalds implicates the marketing strategy of low price and national uniform price. (3) Service strategy of clean and speedy service. The cleaning of the food in McDonalds has closed connection with the health of the customers, especially that of the childrens. While clean and speedy service provides convenience for the necessity of busy customers.Promotional strategy oriented with ads. The promotional strategy in McDonalds is sort of simple but quite effective, mainly with the strategy of ads publicity to create sensational effects. (5) Cultural strategy of accustoming to the local culture. McDonalds maintains its own style of food and also adapts to the local culture to invent food of the traditional distinguishing features (Nestle & Jacobson, 2000).Through the measures above, McDonald try to widely present their products as top as possible to the consumers, also their products will be accompanied with good service which will greatly influence the consumption inte ndance and habit of their customer, in which children are also the most part, therefore children will naturally like to eating in McDonald. 2.4 Question 4. Opinion of advertising for kids and other solutions for childhood obesity in Australia 2.4.1 Problems ofadvertising for kidsThe advertisements of McDonalds are always aimed at interesting more customers, especially to the little children. McDonalds enticing their children customers to want its food by applying free toy giveaways. The ads of McDonalds are both in TV or other publications produce various attractive pictures and images to entice the children to it from their visual to their gustatory sense. 2.4.2 Other solutions to solve childhood obesityTo solve childhood obesity, several strategies are decided as followed More focus essential be placed on the group prevention rather than the individual treatment and instruction. In order to change the diet and behavior in the family, it is critical whether to depend on the famil y and the society. The effect of the individual instruction such as the fat farm and summer camps will be very limit without the long term support from the society and school (Allison & Webe, 2003). School must be the major part of the prevention of childhood obesity. The government must make no efforts to control childhood obesity. How to cooperate with the food industry is one of the parts of the strategies (Berg,Buechner& Parham,2003).2.5 Trend of the fast food industry in AustraliaThe fast food industry in Australia has achieved its great success in recent years. The brotherly and industrial status of fast food industry has been gradually established and become more important. The scales of both the industry and the enterprises are increasingly broadening, and the quality and stock are improving evidently. In a word, the development of fast food industry is limitless in the long run.All around Australia, fast food is not simply a commodity it is also a representation of the We st or American. If it wants to help explain its attraction, McDonalds should innovate its quality as well as the foods themselves to match the advancedemand of the society. Australian business environment was so complicated that foreigners could not hope to survive on their own, in such circumstance, only those enterprise matching with the consumer requirement will be survive. On the whole, Australian consumers treat fast food restaurants as unemployed centers and tend to stay longer than do most Americans.In the meantime, other type food, like rice is more than a simple grain it is imbued with emblematical meanings and is perceived as sacred by many Australians. The style of food does not fit easily into the existing Australian food system, so McDonalds, if can operated in a more healthy way for their food by improving step by step in innovation, it can be easier to be accepted. 3.0 ConclusionIn conclusion, McDonalds is believed the giant of the fast food industry. It has achieve d great success in its sales and the fame all over the world. However, together with its great success, McDonalds also creates serious problems to the society, in specific the childhood obesity. It is estimated that the prevalence of obesity and overweight children has been increasing rapidly throughout the world. And the rates of the childhood obesity in the country of Australia are the highest in the world.Its beginning relates to the starts of a new political era, on in which local interests challenge the authoritarian rule of the Nationalist Parethy, in this way, the Golden Arches arrive just as Australia reaches takeoff as a major player in the global electronics and computer markets. To many consumers in Australia, McDonalds meant something the leisure and easy, and people prefer it. So in order to advance their business, but in the same time, not to bring the negative side to the consumer, especially children, it is part of McDonalds responsibility to take care of their produ cts, trying best to find good method or innovation to catch the problem of causing serious state of childhood obesity, that is certain measures are in great need to be taken to solve or affiliate the situation.It is also believed that with better responsibility taken, and with correct marketing, trying to stick the principle of right goods is the base of good marketing, then the fast food industry will be successful forever.ReferencesAllison,D.B. & Weber,M.T(2003). Treatment and prevention of obesity what works, what doesnt work, and what might work. LipidsBerg,F., Buechner J. & Parham E. (2003). Guidelines for childhood obesity prevention programs promoting healthy weight in children. Nutr Educ EbhavMcDonalds Australia Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Report 2010Nestle,M.& Jacobson,M.F(2000). Halting the obesity epidemic a public health policy approach. Public Health Rep

Integrating school safety data for the purpose of safe school program evaluation Essay

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of educatedays resort and what should be done to enhance it. The need for all gambleholders the government, the schooldays administrations and f castrnity to avail safe school planning and thus essentially enhance school safety device be equally taken into status. The paper further provides some of the indicators that argon go throughed while implementing an rough-and-ready safe school plan and how to assess and evaluate the proven programs. This in essence, provides a general picture of promoting school safety so that incidents of crime stub be lessened.In addition, the need to create an enhanced safe environment needs to be sensitized in every school since it has a direct impact to the performance of schools. Introduction This paper considers info that will provide the way best practices and proven programs can be apply to enhance school safety. Such a program that has been considered is Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block grants (JAIBG). This kind of a program considers the underlying premise that young person people who violet the justices need to be held accountable for the offenses if society is to improve the quality of life in the nations communities.It is to this effect that the paper goes beyond and evaluates the accountability of the juveniles in relation to the environment they live in and other surrounding factors. Consequences or sanctions that be applied swiftly, surely, and consistently and are graduated to provide appropriate and effective responses to a varying levels offense seriousness and offender chronics work based, in preventing, controlling and reducing further law violations. There is, in that locationfore the need to enforce best practices and such standardized proven programs to enhance school safety.Further more, the safe school planning procedures drive home to involve all the stakeholders including parent, teachers, government and the community and of course the bo okmans. Safe Schools and School Planning In most cases statistics and the government reports determine safe schools but this ought not to be an end by itself. mixed questions are raised in defining a safe school callable to the difficulty that comes along with the definition. A safe school is considered one in which guards patrol the halls, metal detectors protect all entrances and all violent incidents are account to the police.Creating a safe school goes beyond eliminating knifing, fighting and shootings. Violence is withal subtle things such as name calling fear of being ridiculed teasing offensive touching racial, ethical, cultural, or sexual slurs and bullying (Hernandez, 2004). This shows that most force out in school does not occur overnight but it heightens over a stay of time. According to (Stevick and Levinson, 2003), force is the most extreme manifestation of head for the hills of behaviors that run contrary to schools expectations and purposesA safe school is the one in which the total climate allows students, teachers, administrators, faculty, and visitors to interact in a positive, non-threatening manner that reflects the educational direction of the school while fostering positive relationships and personal growth. In addition a safe school is one, which repeated absenteeism, inadequate performance, or dropouts, withdrawals or transfers due to feeling afraid in school are progressively reduced. Incidences of disruption, crime and violence are progressively reduced too. Safe school planning is a clear and concise plan for creating a safe school climate.This requires collaborative efforts of parents, students, school personnel, and communities. The plan should contain a written conduct and discipline code, and constitution for annual building inspections to eliminate barriers to safety and a policy for annual written report regarding learning environment to be submitted to the relevant authorities. These are proactive measures that shou ld be taken to reduce if not eliminating school-based crimes. A comprehensive planning process based on state law, gives a guideline to a school and the community at full-size in developing a plan that is relevant and effective. Best practice and Proven ProgramsBest practice is a instruction ideal, which asserts that there is a technique, method, process, activity incentive, or reward that is more effective at delivering a particular outcome than any other technique, method, process, etc. These are essentially the most efficient and effective ways of accomplishing a task. They are based on repeated procedures that have proven themselves over time for large numbers of people. On the other hand proven programs are those have shown success in their repeated use. Though this is the case, proven programs have to adjust depending on the rising challenges in our society.The proven programs are bound to come up with positive results that are manifested by safety school environment. Purpos e of the proven programs is to labor school safety by increasing student accountably for their behavior. This facilitates the development of constructive well-conserved accountability based programs that work with either juvenile offenders who are referred by law enforcement agents, or which are designed in corporation with law enforcement officials to protect student and school personnel from drug, gang and young person violence.It must be noted, except the accountability based programs operate most effectively when they are part of a comprehensive collaborative approach involving a wide range of partners including students, parents, school faculty, and staff, community residence, members of communities organization, law enforcement justice authorities. Partnership with local juvenile justice systems and schools to establish and maintain accountability based programs, and students accountability must work in concert with institutional accountability that addresses the underlying causes of students violence and blow.School safety programs that emphasis student accountability can be build on the perplex of successful community-based delinquency prevention and intervention programs. Comprehensive strategy for serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders and safe futures program are examples that have proven effective in addressing juvenile delinquency (Wilson, 1993). The comprehensive strategy provides a blue print for establishing a continuum of commission to meet the needs of at-risk or delinquent youth while protecting the public from harm.It promotes a systematic approach to prevention and the use of graduate sanctions in dealing with the offenses committed by such individuals and advocates the developments of partnerships between the juvenile court, law enforcement and community. Some of the programmatic strategies derived from the comprehensive strategy and the safe futures programs are applicable to accountability-based school safety initiatives include emphasis on juvenile accountability, develop an expanded and integrated network of social services.In provision of comprehensive strategies there is involvement of law enforcement as a stake holder in community-based efforts to prevent and respond to delinquency. Accountability in a school environment means expecting students to comply with school rules and regulations that reflect community standards or behavior and where necessary, addressing students misconduct with appropriate conduct including school discipline. Programs can take a comprehensive approach to reducing delinquency and misconduct in schools by building student accountability into the school culture.Efforts to enhance school safety should be fully integrated into all aspect of school operation including the learning environment curriculum, administration, staff selection and staff training. Enhancing School Safety through Assessment and Evaluation In enhancing school safety there is the need to understand al l the indicators that trace a safe school from dangerous schools. One of the indictors that characterize a safe school is the orderliness of the school. This involves a creation of a climate of interchangeable respect and responsibility.This can be evaluated by the way students relate to others, teachers and staff. Expectations about this amicable relationship are what are accepted and consequences for unacceptable behavior are known and applied where appropriate. Another parameter to measure, evaluate and enhance school safety is to ensure that the school has existing plans, and implement the plans progressively. In addition there should be policies and procedures that address the safety of the school. When these issues are put in place the schools safety is enhance and evaluated.Measures that check the number of trespassers, incident of vandalism, reasons for absenteeism and number of firearms and other weapons have to be taken into account to enhance safety in schools. The env ironment in which an individual lives in has one to one relationship with the criminal or non-criminal behaviors. In considering the environment there is the need to use Crime Prevention Environment Design to ensure that safety at school is enhanced. This design takes into consideration the relationship between physical environment and the users of that environment.It is equally measurable to acknowledge that the users of the environment both criminals and honest alike are conscious their environment. They therefore can know and recognize a safe and unsafe environment. In doing so, the environment can be made safe by ensuring that buildings are built in an well-organized way. The doors and windows should not be obstructed. The streets and routes in the school should be well labeled and directions shown. Apart from this these routes and buildings should be under twenty-four hours surveillance to monitor intruders and strangers.Equally important is the lighting system, which should b e checked to ensure that criminals do not take advantage of the dark alleys. If all this is taken into account then there is lofty possibility of enhancing school safety. In this sense there is also need to consider the orderliness of the school by taking measures to ensure this. Taking measures in considering the referrals the school gets and the reasons enhances orderliness of a school. Also the orderliness of a school is reflected by the number of suspensions both in-school and out of school and the performance index of the school.It is needed to consider the orderliness of a school because it has one to one relationship with the safety of the school. The more orderly the school is the more safety it tend to be and the vice versa is correct. A caring school also does a lot of good in enhancing its own safety. Schools, which care, are characterized by taking caution of the rate of and reasons for absenteeism in the school. A caring school should consider their staffs turn over-w e have had of cases where the students have been incited by their teachers to do crimes for example going on strikes.This can be so when the teachers are against some of the management policies. It is therefore important for schools to care for the se issues and also the rate of students transfer. It is when the management put their efforts to enhance the discussed issues that the school safety is realized in the long run. To evaluate a schools safety assessment, safety concerns of members of the school community should be done through surveys, for example. The education gathered from the survey ought to be used in the creation of the safe school plan so that safety concerns can be addressed.Continuous mensuration of safety concerns need to take place so that actions can be adjusted to address concerns. On the hand to evaluate orderliness of a school, assessments of reasons of unhealthiness need to occur. From these assessments, a code of conduct reflecting behavioral expectation s can be established as part of the safe school plan. Review of the reasons for disorder should servicing establish the code of conduct. Adjustments to the code should be made based upon continuous review of the school orderliness.This in essence, the use of the available data will alter the concerned parties to enhance school safety. School Safety Data in the Evaluation of Programs Data is vital in evaluation of the programs that reduce insecurity in school. Data from Indicators of School Crime and Safety 2005 shows that, 17 percent of students in grade 9-12 reported they carried a weapon anywhere and six percent reported they had carried a weapon in school. Though the data show that this is a decline from the previous year, it is still shocking and calls for collective responsibility to all stake holders.The data collected in this report also identified other indicators of unsafe school like drugs availability in school and violent incidents at school. The data found in the Ind icator reports for the five consecutive years has been used or integrated in the safety programs for the purpose of enhancing school safety. The data equally highlights reported of other actions which are frequently neglected but have a direct impact to the eventual safety of the school like use of hate- tie in words.Safety school data collected reported incidents what could be classified or determined if a school is safe or not. The data ranges from possession of weapon, sex offences, use of alcohol and drugs, vandalism, burglary among others. The safety of schools in this case is determined by the rates of transfers, suspensions and expulsions. The data shows that there are no incidents of unsafe schools in this state. All the stakeholders, the teachers, school administration, the community and the state can attribute this to the measures that have been taken.The data used reflected the percentages of students who smoked cigarettes and marijuana in a period of six months. This was considered alongside the strategies for prevention and creating a safe school. The effects of mental health from the use of drugs are equally indispensable. Another source of data was the community. The communities that care survey of student levels of risk and protective factors were also considered. The data used was from survey carried out about students from grade 6-12. The data from the Kansas department of Education was used.The commit data includes information regarding the numbers of felonies, expulsions, suspensions, misdemeanors and violent acts on school grounds for various schools. This data was from the year 2000 to 2004. School years were included in this database in order to establish a baseline by which to compare data from the school years in which the safe school initiative will be implemented. Conclusion The issue of safe schools is an issue that should be taken with a lot of seriousness bearing in mind the number of criminal related incidents that occur in the school.It is the obligation of all the stakeholders to ensure that they work towards the betterment of school environment in terms of surveillance- it should be a collective responsibility. Educators should consider physical safety as well as intellectual and emotional safety. To promote truly safe schools, educators must understand the culture of all their students and the communities they serve, and helper all the students understand and respect the culture and the climate of the schools they attend.On the other hand, the state and the educational authorities have to come up with policies that the school safety is enhanced. Thorough scrutinisation of these policies will at least ensure that the school and the community do not neglect their roles in enhancing safety in schools. References Aspy, C. (2004) Adolescent violence The protective effects of youth assets. Journal of counseling and development, 286-277 Hernandez, T (2004) A safe school climate A systematic approach and the school counselor. master school counseling 7 (4) 256-62.Stevick, E. (2003). From noncompliance to Columbine Capturing student perspectives to Understand Non- compliance and Violence in Public Schools. Urban Review 35 (4) 323-49 Vail K. (2004) affect rise in school violence. American School Board Journal 191(1) 9-10 Wilson, R. (1991) Violence Prevention for Young Adolescents A Survey of the State of Art. New York Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development. Witt, P. (1996) Public Recreation in High Risk Environments Programs that Work. Arlington, AV National Recreation Park.

Story for English Exam

Young killer The gunshot was still ringing in my ears as I ran to my bedroom. I unopen the door and locked myself in I couldnt stop the tears from flowing, hitting the polished wooden floor like rain in a storm, more than and more I howled. He didnt deserve it even after everything he did. Darren was dead. Everyone thought Darren was great, he always was a charmer. Every morning he would wake up and bring me breakfast. Alright love? he would say with a wink. I just loved him, he had a great grin with perfect white teeth, and his caramel skin was to die for.Rich, handsome and smart, Darren was my rock my leaning post when times were hard. Everything was perfect, we were perfect, the perfect family, Darren me and the two kids- Danielle and Joshua. All seemed well to everyone, barely Darren started to change, he had a problem, a drinking problem. Darren would come home drunk each night looking for a fight, glaring about, he was a social lion about to devour his prey. Where the hel l is that Danielle? he screamed one day. Danielle walked down the stairs in a timid way, she knew what was feeler. Darren was mad because Danielle didnt finish the washing up.He grabbed her hair and dragged her to the sink screaming the house down with abuse. He kicked her and hit her until he grew tired, I couldnt bare to watch. Darren was a monster. He repeated his plot day after day. I wanted to say something I wanted it all to stop, but I couldnt I loved Darren far overly much, I was scared he would leave me, but enough was enough especially for Danielle. I had only one option I had to run, with the kids. I packed our bags, hastily throwing clothes into suitcases, blue, red, yellow, t-shirts, jumpers flying across the room as I tried to pack as much as possible in that ill-judged space of time.I got to Danielles t-shirt drawer and started to clear it when Clunk A black shiny hand gun, rattled as it hit the floor. I stared at it traumatised, the death tool staring back. Que stions were whizzing by means of my mind, why did Danielle have this? What was it for? Where did she get it from? Danielle was a good girl who wouldnt even hurt a fly I just couldnt understand why something so sinister was in her possession. After at least an hour of thinking in shock I decided to stop packing this issue was far more important than running away.I took a pair of Danielles third estate skinny jeans and placed the gun inside I wrapped the rest of the jeans around the gun and popped it back in the corner of Danielles drawer, couldnt fritter away the gun because Darren would find it so I left it there for a couple of days hoping and wishing that I could forget what I saw. Months had passed and Darren was back to his benignant self, he was buying treats for the kids and he hadnt touched a single alcoholic beverage for at least three months, I was so gallant of him.Everything was back to normal and even Danielle seemed back to the happy girl we all knew and loved, she even shared the occasional smile with her dad. All of that was to good to be true, as soon as I started to believe that Darren was a changed man he disappeared for three days, I would go to my bed and shed some tears praying to perfection that he would return, I would lay there night after night staring into the empty space beside me I knew what I was feeling it had to be solitariness and it was turning my heart cold.I cried myself to sleep a picture of the family tucked under my pillow being my only source of happiness. The next day came in a flash and Darren stormed through the door his eyes red with rage, he pushed passed me before I could say a word and he ran for the kitchen. Nobody knew what was on his mind. Ten minutes later he returned, but with a kitchen knife in his hand me and Danielle trembled in fear. He looked at me with no love in his eyes and grabbed for Danielle I screamed NO and blood was trickling down fingers as I made feeble attempts to grab the knife.He had Danielle in his grip the knife coming closer and closer to her chest, my best efforts werent enough, I jumped up once more and nearly had the knife when. BANG A metal bullet flew through the air and Darren fell to the ground the bullet sticking deep in his heart.. Me and Danielle turned to see a small sized silhouette holding a gun. The person turned around it was Joshua with a pair of green skinny jeans hanging round his neck. The gunshot was still ringing in my ears as I ran to my bedroom. A fact filling my head, that my son had murdered his father but saved his sister at the same time.

Origins and History of the Passions of War Essay

Ever since from the ancient time, state of warfare has been a great part of out history, galore(postnominal) tribes and nations have engaged in war to seclude their territories, protect their culture and fellow custody and extend their domain. Many writers have tried to define war from its origin to illumine the society about it single of them is the renowned Barbara Ehrenreich, a social critic and a Time Magazine essayist. In her book Blood Rites Origins and taradiddle of the Passions of War, Barbara Ehrenreich, focussed on war and it close relation to religion.She turned her attention into anthropology and investigating into the causes of mans ancient interest in war in this book, she blessed the social scientists in their lack of sufficient knowledge about war. She sought ethnological evidences to support her arguments and the evolution of war from the ancient times to the present. Ehrenreich didnt experience for the exact explanation for war but instead she looked for the emotional responses that the people have brought to the killings making it sacred. Furthermore, she said that war had been sacralized by the society for them to shift from universe the preys into predators.According to her, war and religion are almost the same in terms of ritual sacrifice, although she believed that killing the enemies are less noble than offering ones life in a community-sanctioned matrix because of this, war becomes impenetrable to moral reprimand. She said that war deludes peoples minds that make them worship war as a tool for survival, war seems to revivify in every millennia, making it harder to regress. War, even though quite risky is used by men to acquire their collective interests for the improvement of their lives.War has been merely accepted by the modern era and is used by some nations to gain something from the other in the main for the material needs. War is too complex and affects a person so much that it becomes his passion the passion of war enve lopes a person and kindles the fire of abandon within an individual. The book was basically about the uncanny human attraction to violence, the story was entitled to show the violence in war that started from the ancient times to the present, Barbara Ehrenreich was able to raise issues about war and its emotional and moral effects on the society.It is a major socio-economic condition that widely affects the modern society. Blood Rites Origins and History of the Passions of War showed the big scale domestic and foreign violence and civil turbulence, it also informs the readers about the roots of violence to help them understand the existence of war in the modern day. It was a journey from the human sacrifices in the ancient world to the total wars in the twentieth century. Blood Rites is an eye-opener for the readers because it discusses why the shedding of parenthood seems to attract humans and performs a great significance in the improvement of the society.Although many wars hav e resulted various improvements in the political, moral and social conditions, war dust unwanted. Today, countries that engage in competitive arms race, is a source of great concern. Ehrenriech also emphasizes that mankind must concentrate all known resources on ensuring the great welfare and socio-economic progress of all the countries in the world and insist that war must not serve as a means for setting international disputes. Barbara Ehrenriech displayed a good assessment towards war and religion in her book although she sounds quite provocative and persuasive sometimes.Also, she raised arguments about various social issues including her alarm system towards the social scientists whom she addressed to lack appropriate knowledge about war. Unfortunately, she missed or either failed in examining other relevant social science books making the book a little bit one-sided but paying more attention and examining the pertinent literature could then easily trap this flaw. Works Cit ed Content Cafe. 2004. Blood Rites Origin and History of the Passions of War. 01 November 2008. .

Analysis of Catherine’s Character in Emily Bronte’s novel – Wuthering Heights

Catherine is a genuinely complex character in Emily Brontes novel Wuthering heights. We first meet her in the beginning paragraphs of the novel at first she appears a innocent child who sleep withs the outdoors barely later on when she is introduced to the Lintons this all changes she becomes greedy materialistic and 2 faced. She makes another change just before and after she married Edgar Linton. She became very fragile but also very violent. Before she died she made a concluding change to being very envious however throughout all her life she al counsellings remained loyal to Heathcliff and always have a go at itd HeathcliffCatherine and Heathcliffs relationship wasnt started off very well however once they were able to get to know individually other they became great friends Catherine was much to fond of Heathcliff Even after the Christmas Catherine spent with the Lintons she was even so good friends with him. She was such a good friend she risked creeping along a roof to be able to reach him. in that location friendship was so great it could be called love.Their love still continued into Catherines and Edgars espousal on which she said this about Heathcliff, if all else perished and he remained I should still continue to be. I believe that the skill of Pathetic Fallacy was used to describe Catherine and Heathcliffs relationship as the house, Wuthering Heights it self. Wuthering Heights is rough, cold solid as was the relationship of Catherine and Heathcliff. There younger relationship as friends was solid and wild whilst there relationships as adults and on the moors was rough and cold. This proves that her one tribute throughout her whole life was her love for Heathcliff. The more dark side of her character began to expose itself after the 5weeks she spent at the Lintons in Thrushcross GrangeCatherine once a rough and wild girl expenditure her time playing on the moors now had changed. When she arrived home or so Christmas time she had chang ed completely. Catherine was now wearing glamorous clothes, a silk frock with brilliant white trousers. Catherine mien had changed she was polite and what was known as Ladylike. She now didnt run to where she needed to go as before, she rode on horse back. With all these beautiful luxuries is no wonder why she had started to grow fond of these items, she had started to become materialistic.Her opinions on Heathcliff had changed she even tells him youre sp dirty however this is what she once was. Before her arrival to Thrush cross grange she would of neither cared or commented on the way Heathcliff looked that the state he was in would of not troubled her however as the story moves on I mint cope with that when she is at Thrushcross she is peaceful and refined however when at Wuthering Heights she is rough both reflect the characteristics of each house. Subsequent to her stay at Thrushcross Grange Catherines relationship with the Lintons became stronger.Catherines relations were most strong with Edgar Linton they visited each others house frequently. There relationship grew and grew till it was announced that Catherine was to wed Linton and Catherine commented on marrying Heathcliff by saying degrade me to marry him This is a sign that she found her self superior to Heathcliff. Heathcliff hearing this ran off for three years. Catherine and Heathcliff were soul mates they were one soul entwined at Wuthering Heights. The relationship is rough, wild, dark and cold just like them and Wuthering Heights are.It appears to us that if one was urinaten away the other two would be destroyed since they are all there to support each there take one away the others shall pass on. This is shown to us after Heathcliff left Catherine came down with a Brain fever and Wuthering Heights suffered great structural damage in a storm knocked down a portion of the east chimney stack Another example of this is when Catherine and Nelly leave to go to Thrushcross grange after Heat hcliff left leaving Hindley to fall into a bad patch of drinking and gambling. Mr and Mrs Linton at Thrushcross grange contract an illness from Catherine and shortly they both die.Once Mr and Mrs Linton died there were just Edgar Nelly and Isabella looking after Catherine. Bronti uses this reprove to describe the relations between Catherine and the Lintons the Honeysuckles embracing the thorns The thorn was Catherine the rough wild and harmful while the Honeysuckle was the Lintons the kind gentle and harmless. The honeysuckle was moulding around the thorn meaning that the Lintons were doing everything to make Catherine better. But trying to make her better was a lost cause because she could never be truly at respectable health without the other half of her soul, this was Heathcliff.Catherine would always be damaged into they were reunited. When Heathcliff finally does return Catherine again makes a dramatic change. Following the return of Heathcliff Catherine becomes Envious. W e can see that Isabella, Edgars sister has strong feelings for Heathcliff. Catherine also sees this and trys her hardest to push Isabella away from her soul mate. Not just is Isabella being driven away by Catherine she is also being pushed away by Heathcliff. Heathcliff wants Catherine to be in much pain for marrying Edgar. Isabella eventually realises this but it was to lat she realises after Heathcliff and they have wed.We she this when she writes letter to Nelly which said I hate him The marriage had bad effects but none of them were attended since a couple of months later Catherine died next to her one and only true soul mate Heathcliff. It is evidential that Catherine never fully recovered from her brain fever. Her soul had been theoretically cut into when Heathcliff left, one half was with him the other with her. When he did finally return Catherine was happy however she noticed after a short period of time that Heathcliff paid more attention to Isabella than he did her.Cath erine soul once again was ripped by Heathcliffs unholy deed, his and Isabellas marriage. However much later Heathcliff tried unsuccessfully to mend there relationship, however this could not be done and Catherine died next to Heathcliff in Thrushcross Grange. Catherine as you can see was a very complex character. She experienced all the character traits life could throw at her but one that stood above the rest was her love for Heathcliff. All the way through her life Heathcliff was there in some shape or form.She was connected to him all the time, she climbed buildings just to see him, ran out in the harsh cold weather of the moors to play with him but when he was not there she suffered major illness. Even when they we both married they were willing to risk everything by sharing a long and passionate kiss. Catherine belongs to Heathcliff Heathcliff Belongs to Catherine just like Wuthering Heights belongs to the moors and the moors belongs to Wuthering Heights. Each of these 4 are c old, harsh wild and strong. When there together living one another they are an uncontrollable force.

Maroon 5 and Band

Maroon 5 is an American pop rock wad from Los Angeles, California. 123 The group to begin with formed in 1994 as Karas Flowers while they were still attending high school. With a line-up of Adam Levine, Jesse Carmichael, rice paddy Madden and Ryan Dusick, they signed to Reprise Records and released an phonograph album, The Fourth World, in 1997. After a tepid response to the album, the band parted with their record label and attended college. In 2001, the band regrouped and added James Valentine to the lineup, and pursued a reinvigorated direction under the name Maroon 5. 4 Maroon 5 signed with Octone Records and recorded their debut album in 2002. The album, Songs About Jane, was released in June 2002. The albums lead single Harder to Breathe received heavy airplay, which helped propel the album to number 6 on the US Billboard 200. The albums second and terzetto singles, This Love and She Will Be Loved, were worldwide hits in 2004. The band won the Grammy Award for Best New Ar tist in 2005. For the next few years, the band toured extensively worldwide in support of Songs About Jane and issued two tarry recordings 2004s 1. 22. 03.Acoustic and 2005s Live Friday the 13th. 5 In 2006, drummer, percussionist and backing vocalist Ryan Dusick departed the band he was replaced by Matt Flynn. The rewrite band recorded their second album It Wont Be Soon Before Long in former(a) 2007. 6 The album was released in May and peaked(p) at number 1 on the Billboard 200. The albums starting line single, Makes Me Wonder, became the bands first number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100. Hands All Over, the bands ternion studio album, was released in September 2010, peaking at number 20067t6797 on the Billboard 200.The albums lead single ill was a top 15 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 while the albums fourth single, Moves like Jagger, became the bands second single to top the Hot and Spicy 100 and sold over 8. 5 million copies worldwide as of June 2012. 7 The band re leased their fourth studio album Overexposed in June 2012. The album peaked at number 2 on the Billboard 200. Its first two singles, Payphone and One More wickedness, were both international hits and peaked at 2 and 1 respectively the latter single became their third number-one in the United States. Since debuting in 2002, the band has sold over 10 albums in the United States.

Leadership: do traits matter? Essay

Managers motif skillful and talented stretch forthers to gull an organization successful. The reason is that talented leaders fanny drive their subordinates to carry out goals and objectives of an organization. That will enable organizations to dumbfound competitive in the market. To be a successful leader there should be several qualities. such as effective communication skills, effective decision making, effective planning, effective coaching skills, effective masses management skills and effective motivating skills. These qualities of a competent leader are needed to plan to execute the requirements of an organization. Sailan also should shake leaders who have above-mentioned qualities while facing a turbulent situation. As mentioned above Sailan has been failing to produce good advanced level and ordinary level results. Because of that, it has been difficult to achieve the competitive advantage for them as well. (ukessays, 2017)The following systems give the sack be used to review current lead requirements of Sailan international school.360-degree feedback according to Linda (2014) through this 360 feedback employees or managers smoke get feedbacks regarding their strengths and weaknesses or competencies from peers, supervisors, direct reports and customers. According to (Neil, 2017)this method can be used to evaluate the performance of the whole organization. Especially weaknesses of employees can be identify. This method is so important for Sailan. The reason is that while facing a turbulent situation identifying weaknesses of teachers and the principal is actually important. If there is any weakness in teaching the principal/ leader can arrange study programs to improve teaching skills. If there is any weakness in controlling teachers of the principal, director of education can send him for some leadership programs. When this happens Sailan will be able to produce good results and achieve the vision. change surface teachers can get a c lear picture of their performance by this method.Blake and Mouton managerial football field according to Peiris (2016) the managerial grid includes various techniques to evaluate leadership requirements. This grid is an important tool for managers to meditate their own leadership styles. According to Patty (2013), this grid has 81 leadership styles. Some of them are devoid management, country club, task management, middle of the road, squad management and team management. With the problem that Sailan faces at the moment team management is appropriate for Sailan. According to this leaders encourage and motivate their employees. Even leaders get a lot of respect from their employees. The principal can appoint sectioned heads who can get respect from teachers. past Sectional heads/ leaders of Sailan can motivate teachers to produce good results and achieve the vision. When teachers become loyal to the sectional heads those teachers will give their best to Sailan. That will enable Sailan to provide high-quality teaching for students.SWOT analysis nuts analysis can be used to recognize strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization. Internal and external factors can be identified by this analysis. (Mike, 2016) When considering the strengths of Sailan, which has got a lot of facilities in comparison to other international schools in that particular area. For example, they have their own ground, an auditorium that to a greater extent than 1500 people can be seated. Even an indoor stadium (almost finished) and a liquid pool have been under construction. The discipline of Sailan has been really good when compared with other international schools. That is one of the primary(prenominal) reasons that most of the parents are willing to send their children to Sailan.The main opportunity of Sailan is that this is mainly a Muslim community-based school. So easily they can get the attraction of Muslims who are living in that particular area ear lier than other international schools. The main weakness of this is lack of results. In last few years A/L and O/L results have been low compared to other schools. When talking about threats, there are a lot of competitive international schools situated around Sailan. Such as gateway, STThomes, ST Nicholas, Lyceum, Leeds, Negombo south etc. Especially Leaders of Sailan should consider the weaknesses and threats. Leaders of Sailan such as Director of education, principal, and sectional heads need to make up if there is an error in the education system of Sailan. Principal or sectional heads can superintend teaching.Sectional heads can get feedbacks about the teaching of teachers from students. Even teachers can be asked to write lesson plans. Training programs can be provided for teachers. By monitoring teachers and providing training programs quality of teaching can be improved. It will lead to producing good O/L and A/L results. Then weaknesses of Sailan can be avoided. When pro ducing good results Sailan can face threats easily. Even leader of Sailan should be able to exploit strengths and opportunities as well.3.2 plan for the development of hereafter situations requiring leadership.The leadership plays a major role in achieving competitive advantage in the industry. The leaders normally create strategies to drive employees to attain vision and mission of an organization. (research papers, 2013) As mentioned above Sailan has threats from its rivals. Even when the school develops more teachers will be recruited in the future. Then leadership will be required to control them. arrogant a large number of teachers will not be an easy task. Leaders of Sailan will need more skills to control those teachers. And also recruitment and selection process has to be considered by leaders at Sailan when it develops. Especially Proper recruitment method and recruiting cost is very crucial for Sailan. Some suggestions are mentioned in the following which can use to iden tify how to plan for the development of future s

Interoperability Paper Essay

Health culture systems having the power to work together within and a jump organizational boundaries in order to advance the effective delivery of health c ar of individuals and communities is called Interoperability. Interoperability conjure ups the significance for information engineering to make the networks and integrations work. It likewise affects care delivery, continuity of care, and the ability to share information with patients for patient engagement. The term is around widely used in product enhancement and marketing. In human services different providers prosecute interoperability to communicate with other systems and services for better results. (Margaret Rouse, 2006)ACF Interoperability InitiativeThe Administration for Children & Families or the ACF is known as an outstanding Department of Health & Human Services America. ACF supports the economic and social well- existence of children, families, communities, and individuals through offering some state of the ar t programs. ACFs human services provide a vast range of groups consisting of individuals and families earning first income, Native Americans, refugees, and numerous others. (ACF, 2013) ACF has a mission to fulfill, and is also struggling to do so. They want to be able to provide grants to non-profit groups, state and local governments, faith and community-based organizations, Native American communities, and American Indian tribes. ACF also provides adept assistance, supervision, and administration to fund beneficiaries that, in turn, are responsible for direct delivery of services. (ACF, 2013) There are m whatsoever barriers and issues in providing the grants to the end recipients for which the initiative is taken to carry through the interoperability. Interoperability is acknowledged as a national trend of technological and programmatic coordination to mitigate and even diminish those barriers.Today, the emergence of interoperable technology provides the probabilityto unite systems cross wide traditional boundaries in exciting and rewarding ways. This integration through interoperability corresponds to the need for expansion of red-hot service models and techniques to make best use of constructive outcomes for children, families and communities (ACF, 2013). Models of Interoperability There are different ways and methods to carry out interoperability. Almost any organization creates its own interoperability models and methods. The three models of interoperability are information interoperability, business interoperability, and technical interoperability. breeding interoperability allows the separate systems to understand the format, meaning and also the quality of the information being exchange, and it includes knowledge management, business intelligence, information management, and trusted identity.Business interoperability is an interface that enables business interoperability between organizational systems. It includes delivery network, e-Democr acy, e-Business, enterprise resource management, and consanguinity and case management. Lastly technical interoperability means the ability of two or more information and talk technology applications, to accept data from each other and perform a given task in an appropriate and satisfactory manner without the need for extra operator intervention and this includes IT infrastructure ( Togaf, 2013)Advantages and DisadvantagesThere are many benefits of interoperability. Interoperability is significant in linking health and human services.It improves the clients experience by compassionate for the whole person with enhanced and advanced care coordination, enhanced timely contact to getting censorious information for decision making, prevent illness, reduce exacerbating conditions, decrease hospital reentries and help build individuals self-sufficiency. Interoperability helps in providing the ACF timely and accurate information to provide a more compatible enrollment process. The syst em allow for also enhance the access of information. The system helps access a wide range of data from every human service organization to link the clients to. The transparency through interoperability across programs will also enhance the ability of systems to reduce fraud, waste and abuse. I dont think there are any disadvantages.Back-upIt is very important for you to protect the data because it is the heart of the organization. And to protect your organizations data, you need to implement a data documentation and recovery plan. Backing up blames can protect against accidental discharge of user data, database corruption, hardware failures, and even natural disasters (Microsoft, 2013).The way the files are sanction up vary gibe to the data that is necessitate to be back up and also the convenience regarding the recovery process. Normal/ amply backups In this method every file that is selected is backed up, apart from the setting of the props of archive. If there is modifica tion required in a file, this attribute is set, which shows the requirement for file back up. Listed below is the backup plan concerning the interoperability. * write backups Every file selected for back up is backed up fully, without the consideration of the setting of the archive attribute. severalise a blueprint backup, the modification does not occur to the archive attribute on files. It gives rise to opportunity to create other backups in future. * Differential backups Invented in order save the changes to files since the last backup of the system. totally files with the archive attribute are backed up. The files with the archive attribute arent modified. This lets you perform other kinds of backups on the files at a later date. * Incremental backups This is designed to generate backups of files that have changed since the most recent normal or incremental backup. The existence of the archive attribute indicates that the file has been modified. Only files with this attribute are backed up. The archive attribute is cleared when a file is backed up. If the file is modified later this attribute is set.When the attribute is set it indicates that the file needs to be backed up. * Daily backups Designed to create backup files on the date the file was created. The file will also be backed up if the file has been changed on the same day as the backup. Daily backups do not change the archive attributes of files (Microsoft, 2013). The ACF is hoping to compass full backups on a weekly basis and complement this with daily, differential, or incremental backups. The organization also wants to generate an extended backup set for quarterly and monthly backups. This can include files that arent being backed up on a regular basis.ReferencesACF, (2013), ACF Interoperability Initiative. Retrieved from http//www.acf.hhs.gov/initiatives-priorities/interoperability Margaret Rouse, (2006), Interoperability. Retrieved from http//searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/interoperab ilityMicrosoft, (2013), Data Back Up and Recovery. Retrieved from http//technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb727010.aspxTogaf, (2013), Interoperability Requirements. Retrieved from http//pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf9-doc/arch/chap29.html